01/09/2023
When FP&A pros talk about variance, they’re also concerned about the distance between values from a central point. But rather than referring to a statistical measure across a sample or population, they’re talking about how far off financial KPIs are from what was expected.
Finance professionals draw up financial budgets and operating plans before a reporting period, usually a fiscal or calendar quarter or year. These budgets are forward-looking and typically fixed. As the period plays out, actual performance will vary compared to your projections because of changing economic conditions, accounting errors, or overly optimistic or pessimistic sales assumptions.
The difference between the planned and actual numbers is variance, and it’s crucial to minimize it, especially if you’re a startup or small business.
What are favorable and unfavorable variances?
A variance analysis can expose both favorable and unfavorable variances. When your company generates more revenue or incurs fewer costs than expected, it’s considered a favorable variance. Conversely, unfavorable variance happens when a company generates less revenue and incurs higher costs than the budgeted amount. However, this terminology can be a bit misleading.
Not all unfavorable variances are bad because spending more than planned in one area may create a favorable variance elsewhere.
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image by Annie Spratt