03/02/2019
I have always held the true Claymore was the basket hilted broadsword...
There's been some debate over the proper application of the Scottish term "claymore" as far as to which type of sword it refers - the basket-hilted broadsword or the long, two-handed sword.
Being a dork, I've spent quite a bit of time researching this very question and present to you all what I've found:
The term "claymore" is best applied to the basket-hilted broadsword used by the Scots from ca. 1700 onward, rather than to the large, two-handed sword of the late-Medieval period to which it often is applied.
This is shown by contemporary literature referring to the basket-hilted broadsword as a "claymore" while contemporary references to the two-handed sword as a "claymore" are absent.
For example, as early as 1715, a description of the Highlanders sent after the outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor referred to them as carrying "claymores", and the Highland soldiers present at the Battle of Fontenoy in 1745 were described as carrying "claymores" - in both cases the Highlanders were carrying basket-hilted broadswords.
But the meaning of the word, itself, also provides further evidence.
According to Armstrong's Gaelic dictionary from 1825, the word "claidheamh-mòr" from which we get "claymore" means "broadsword", while the separate term for the two-handed sword is actually "claidheamh dà làimh".
The use of the term "claymore" to describe the two-handed sword began in the late-1700s and into the 1800s as non-Gaelic writers began to describe ALL Scottish swords as claymores, partly from a newfound sense of romanticism surrounding the Highlanders in British society, now that they were no longer just a hairy, beplaided, psychopathic terror looming just over the border (go, us!).
However, the Scots, themselves, never referred to the "twa-handit" sword as a claymore.
....for those of you who were wondering....