03/08/2016
Linux
is an operating System just like Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Mac OS X, Linux is an operating system.
The Linux OS have following main components:
i. The Bootloader: The software that manages the boot process of your computer. For most users, this will simply be a splash screen that pops up and eventually goes away to boot into the operating system.
ii. The kernel: This is the one piece of the whole that is actually called “Linux”. The kernel is the core of the system and manages the CPU, memory, and peripheral devices. The kernel is the “lowest” level of the OS.
iii. The Shell: You’ve probably heard mention of the Linux command line. This is the shell – a command process that allows you to control the computer via commands typed into a text interface.
iv. Graphical Server: This is the sub-system that displays the graphics on your monitor. It is commonly referred to as the X server or just “X”.
v. Desktop Environment: This is the piece of the puzzle that the users actually interact with. There are many desktop environments to choose from (Unity, GNOME, Cinnamon, Enlightenment, KDE, XFCE, etc).
vi. Applications: Linux offers thousands upon thousands of high-quality software titles that can be easily found and installed. Most modern Linux distributions (more on this in a moment) include App Store-like tools that centralize and simplify application installation.
c. Basic Linux Commands
i. mkdir - make directories
ii. cd - change directories
iii. mv- change the name of a directory
iv. pwd - print working directory
v. rmdir - Remove an existing directory
vi. chown - change file owner and group
vii. chmod - change file access permissions
viii. ls - Short listing of directory contents
ix. cp - Copy files
x. ln - Creates a symbolic link to a file.
xi. grep - grep command searches within the file. Grep has lots of parameter by which you can modify your searching condition.
xii. find - Find command is almost same as grep command but with the help of find command you can find the file name
xiii. locate – Locate command is used to get location of any file. Or in another word you can say that it is used to search for file name in Linux.
xiv. Cat – Cat command is used to read any textual file. suppose you are in folder /etc and want to check php.ini file, so you need to use cat command.
