CCNA Traning Institute

18/07/2024

Hello everyone!

15/10/2023

15/10/2023

OSI Terminology

First, remember the names of OSI layers are just an exercise in memorization.

✓ All People Seem to Need Data Processing (7-1)

✓ Please Do Not Take Sausage Pizzas Away (1to7)

15/10/2023

OSI Reference Model Example protocols.

Application Layer 7✓ Telnet, HTTP, PTP, WWW, browser, NFS, SMTP gateways, SNMP, Eudora,

Presentation Layer6✓ JPEG, ASC||,EBCDIC, TIFF, GIF, PICT, encryption, MPEG, MIDI,

Session Layer5✓ RPC, SQL, NFS, NetBIOS, names, Apple talk, ASP, DEcent, SCP

Transport Layer4✓ TCP, UDP, SPC

Network Layer3✓ IP, IPX, Apple talk, DDP

Data link Layer2✓ IEEE 802.3/802.2 HDLC, frame relay,FDDI, ATM, IEEE 802.5/802.2

Physical Layer1✓ EIA TIA -232 V. 35 EIA TIA-449 RJ45 Ethernet 802.3' 802.5

12/08/2023

However, I would advise you to be careful when using CCNA dumps, as they may not be reliable, accurate, or ethical.

Some of the drawbacks of using CCNA dumps are:

- They may contain outdated, incorrect, or incomplete information that can mislead you or confuse you during the exam.
- They may not cover all the topics or objectives that are tested in the exam, leaving you unprepared for some questions or scenarios.
- They may violate the Cisco exam policies and agreements, which prohibit the use of unauthorized materials or sources for exam preparation. This can result in severe consequences, such as losing your certification, being banned from taking future exams, or facing legal action.
- They may not help you develop the skills and knowledge that are required for a successful career in networking. Passing the exam with CCNA dumps does not guarantee that you can perform well in real-world situations or handle complex network problems.

Therefore, I would suggest that you use other resources that are more reliable, accurate, and ethical for your CCNA exam preparation. Some of the resources that I recommend are:

- The official Cisco Learning Network website¹, where you can find exam topics, study materials, e-learning options, practice tests, and community forums.
- The official Cisco Press books², where you can find comprehensive and detailed explanations of the concepts and technologies covered in the exam.
- The official Cisco Learning Labs³, where you can access and implement routing and Layer 2 core switching lab configurations virtually over the Internet from the convenience of a personal computer.
- The official Cisco Modeling Labs⁴, where you can quickly and easily simulate Cisco and non-Cisco networks, using real Cisco images.

These resources will help you learn the fundamentals and advanced topics of networking, practice your skills and knowledge in realistic scenarios, and prepare yourself for the exam with confidence and competence.

I hope this information helps you make an informed decision about your CCNA exam preparation. If you have any questions or feedback, please let me know. 😊

20/03/2023

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a distance-vector routing protocol used in local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It is one of the oldest and simplest routing protocols still in use today.

RIP works by exchanging routing information between routers in a network. Each router shares information about the networks it is directly connected to with its neighboring routers. This information is then passed on to other routers until all routers in the network have the same information about network topology.

RIP uses hop count as a metric to determine the best path to a destination network. A hop count is the number of routers a packet must pass through to reach its destination. RIP allows a maximum of 15 hops, which limits its use in larger networks.

RIP has two versions: RIPv1 and RIPv2. RIPv1 sends updates only every 30 seconds, while RIPv2 allows for more frequent updates and supports authentication, subnet masks, and multicasting.

While RIP is simple to configure and use, it has some limitations, such as its limited scalability and slow convergence time. As a result, RIP is not commonly used in modern networks, where more advanced routing protocols such as OSPF and BGP are preferred.

18/03/2023

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) is a reference model that describes the communication process between different systems in a network. It was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to provide a standardized framework for network communication.
The OSI model consists of seven layers, each with a specific function:
1-Physical Layer: This layer is responsible for the physical transmission of data, including the hardware and cabling used to connect devices.
2-Data Link Layer: This layer is responsible for providing error-free data transfer between adjacent network nodes, such as switches and routers.
3-Network Layer: This layer is responsible for providing logical addressing and routing functions to enable communication between different networks.
4-Transport Layer: This layer is responsible for ensuring reliable data transmission between end systems, including error detection and correction, flow control, and congestion management.
5-Session Layer: This layer is responsible for managing the communication sessions between applications running on different systems.
6-Presentation Layer: This layer is responsible for transforming data into a format that can be understood by the receiving system.
7-Application Layer: This layer is responsible for providing network services to applications, including file transfer, email, and remote login.
The OSI model provides a clear and standardized framework for network communication, allowing different systems and devices to communicate with each other effectively. It is widely used in network design and troubleshooting, as it helps to identify the specific layer where a problem is occurring.
Admin

18/03/2023

Cisco routing protocols are a set of protocols used to establish and maintain communication between different networks in a Cisco-based network environment. Routing protocols are used to determine the best path for data packets to travel from one network to another based on network topology and available paths.
There are several different types of routing protocols used in Cisco networks, including:
Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP): These routing protocols are used to exchange routing information within an autonomous system (AS), which is a group of networks under a single administrative domain. Examples of IGP protocols include OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and RIP (Routing Information Protocol).
Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP): These routing protocols are used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems. Examples of EGP protocols include BGP (Border Gateway Protocol).
Hybrid Routing Protocols: These protocols combine the features of both IGP and EGP protocols. For example, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a Cisco proprietary hybrid routing protocol that combines distance vector and link-state routing protocols.
Each routing protocol has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of protocol depends on factors such as the network size, topology, and traffic requirements. Cisco routers are typically configured with one or more routing protocols to provide redundancy, load balancing, and failover capabilities.
In summary, Cisco routing protocols are used to determine the best path for data packets to travel from one network to another in a Cisco-based network environment. They help to optimize network performance and ensure reliable communication between different networks.

18/03/2023

https://chat.whatsapp.com/IUNcwitp8RcEub0UUUFMQS

WhatsApp Group Invite

04/10/2022

A Computer network is a telecommunications to enable sharing of resources and information.Nodes in a network are connected with each other using either cable or wireless media use a system of Digital rules for data exchange, a formatted unit of data.

When you are browsing the internet your computer is a part of the highest network in the world if you have access to the internet at home, your devices are part of a LAN ( Local Area Network) Here is what a simple LAN looks like.

24/09/2022

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