15/07/2022
Astronauts can lose as much bone as they would in two decades during missions lasting six months or longer. According to study published in Scientific Reports on June 30th, a year of recuperation in Earth's gravity can restore around half of the bone strength that was lost. According to the team from the University of Calgary in Canada, this loss occurs because bones that would typically be weight-bearing on Earth, like your legs, don't have to carry weight in microgravity — you just float. To determine if bone recovers during "long-duration" spaceflight, researchers began following 17 astronauts in 2015. Prior to their space missions, the researchers scanned the tibia (the shin) and radius (the forearm) of 17 astronauts—14 men and 3 women. Following their return, they repeated the same scans three times: immediately, then six and twelve months later. They were able to learn about the tissue thickness, fracture resistance, and mineral density of the bones thanks to the scans. The tibia in the lower leg and the radius in the lower arm were imaged using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, or HR-pQCT, which can quantify 3-D bone microarchitecture on scales of 61 microns, finer than the thickness of human hair.
Credit: ScienceNews, CosmosMagazine
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