菲律賓台灣客家聯誼會 Taiwan Hakka Association in Phils., Inc. -THAP

旅菲台商追尋 消失的客家足跡

2011/05/06 10:52 中央社

海外客家系列報導（中央社記者林行健馬尼拉特稿）走進馬尼拉華人區王彬街，社團看板、招牌滿街林立，可是看不到客家社團的招牌；熱鬧的王彬街人來人往，卻聽不到客家口音，也尋不到客家人的身影，菲律賓的客家人在哪裏？

「王彬街隨便1塊招牌掉下來，都會砸到一名會長。」這是一句玩笑話，原意是諷刺華人社團過多，幾個人就可以成立社團，自己冠個會長或是理事長的頭銜來過過癮，也凸顯出菲律賓華人社會是社團社會的事實。因此，要尋找旅菲客家人的足跡，顯然最直接的方法，就是從社團找起。

然而，走遍王彬街，卻找不到任何客家社團，詢問僑社的老前輩有沒有聽說客家社團的存在，大家都聳肩搖頭以對。
菲律賓華裔青年聯合會前會長施華謹向中央社表示，根據可靠估計，目前菲律賓具有中華文化背景的華人，約佔總人口1.2%，在108萬人上下，其中90%祖籍是福建，

特別是晉江、惠安、南安等地，其餘10%來自廣東和其他省份，「很少聽說有客家人」。

施華謹說，中國人和菲律賓早在唐朝時期就有貿易往來，而華人移居菲律賓的歷史可以追溯到16世紀，但在西班牙、美國統治時代，殖民者對華人採不友善態度，美國本土實施的排華法並且延伸到菲律賓，而西班牙統治者甚至曾經6次屠殺華人，導致菲律賓成為東南亞地區華人人口最少的國家。

華人為數不多，客家人當然更少。台灣近代史專家李恩涵所著的「東南亞華人史」，引據1951年統計資料估計，客家族群約佔菲律賓華人的2%，而大陸學者胡希張於1997年出版的「客家風華」指出，約6800名客家人生活在菲律賓，多集中在馬尼拉。

在馬尼拉的客家人有這麼多嗎？菲律賓華裔傳統文化中心的歷史學家吳文煥向中央社表示，僑社裏商業性、地緣性、血緣性、文化性等大大小小社團估計有2000個，但是沒有聽說過客家社團的存在，「如果客家人真有6000人這麼多，那麼應該會有自己的社團。」
菲律賓華裔傳統文化中心附設菲華歷史博物館和圖書館裏，也都沒有查到菲律賓的客家相關資料。

客家人與菲律賓不是沒有連結，台灣學者湯錦台所著的「千年客家」說，16世紀後期曾經短暫佔領馬尼拉沿海一帶的福建海盜林阿鳳，就是客家人；根據僑社人士的說法，菲律賓現任總統艾奎諾三世的母親、前總統柯拉蓉‧艾奎諾夫人（Corazon Aquino）也是客家人。但是，客家人現在到哪裏去了？

菲律賓廣東僑團總會決策委員、粵僑聯合會指導員馮潤枝回憶，廣東人很早就來到菲律賓，一度是華人當中為數最多的族群，多來自台山、開平、廣州、中山及香港等地，其中約有1/10是客家人。
現年80多歲的馮潤枝說，早期菲律賓僑社其實有2、3個成員主要是客家人的社團，但許多廣東人，包括客家人在內，在西班牙殖民者屠殺時期喪生及逃離，其他人在事業有成之後也紛紛移民到美國或加拿大，導致菲律賓的客家人愈來愈少，留下來的也逐漸被福建人和菲律賓人同化。

廣東僑團總會教師聯誼會會長劉英鳳自身的成長故事，就是客家人被同化的實例。劉英鳳說，他的父母親分別來自廣東省新寧縣和紫金縣，2人都是隻身來菲的客家人，但教育程度不高，留給膝下1男3女的客家文化遺產，只有一口還算流利的客家話，其餘的客家習俗、客家菜等，都已在子女身上消失。

她說，上一代客家人彼此還有聯絡，但從他們這一代開始，已因分散各地而失去音訊，加上菲律賓的華人大家都講閩南話，就算身邊有客家朋友也難以知悉，所以客家人已經淹沒在福建人的浪潮裏。

華人在菲律賓本已是少數民族，客家人做為少數民族當中的「少數民族」，吃苦耐勞的精神、以及獨特的優良文化傳統面臨失傳，擁有數百年歷史的僑社，沒有採取行動挽救客家人的薪火，但在菲國華人移民史上只有幾10年紀錄的台灣人，卻願意去嚐試！

中央社記者透過中華民國駐菲代表處僑務組得知，菲律賓台商總會諮詢委員賴奇鑫和劉瑞明，正在籌組旅菲台商客家聯誼會，雖然會員初期規模不大，但這始終是個開始，為客家文化在菲律賓的傳承帶來生機。

賴奇鑫說，身為屏東佳冬客家人，他10幾年前就已萌生成立客家社團的想法，但因事忙而逐漸淡忘，最近參加世界台商大會時遇到新加坡台灣客家同鄉會會長鍾仕達，再次興起成立客家同鄉會的念頭。返菲後，他開始調查3000多名旅菲台商當中，有多少客家人，初步找到30人。1983年來菲的賴奇鑫表示，他們已經為創會事宜聚餐2次，現已緊鑼密鼓地籌備當中，最快今年5月就可以正式成立，向台灣及菲律賓政府註冊。

賴奇鑫的公子、菲律賓台商總會副秘書長賴俊任，現在已經不會講客家話，對於客家文化也只能透過客家委員會網站探索，賴奇鑫希望客家同鄉會成立以後，能凝聚旅菲客屬台商，同時讓已被同化的下一代，多多了解客家人的優良文化，學習不向逆境屈服的客家風骨。為與全球各地的台灣客家同鄉會串聯，這個醞釀中的客家社團，可能將命名為「菲律賓台灣客家同鄉會」，雖然如此，賴奇鑫歡迎傳統僑社的客家朋友加入，或是參加聯誼、教育活動，學講客家話、唱唱山歌，接觸客家人的傳統習俗。


菲律賓僑統僑社的客家族群，受到大環境影響已經難尋足跡，但相信即將在客屬旅菲台商口中唱起的客家山歌，很快就會把失散的客家人找回來。

Taiwanese businessmen in the Philippines pursue the disappeared Hakka footprints

2011/05/06 10:52 Central News Agency

Overseas Hakka series report (Central News Agency reporter Lin Xingjian's special report in Manila) When walking into Onpin Street in Manila's Chinese district, there are community boards and signs all over the street, but there are no signs of the Hakka community; in the lively Onpin Street, people are coming and going, but I hear There is no Hakka accent and no trace of the Hakka people. "If any signboard falls on Onpin Street, it will hit a president." This is a joke. The original intention is to satirize that there are too many Chinese associations. A few people can set up an association and be crowned president or chairman. The title is fun to use, and it also highlights the fact that the Filipino Chinese society is a corporatist society. Therefore, obviously the most direct way to find the footprints of Hakkas in the Philippines is to start from the community. However, when I walked around Onpin Street, I couldn't find any Hakka community. When I asked the seniors in the overseas Chinese community if they had heard of the existence of Hakka communities, everyone shrugged and shook their heads. Shi Huajing, former president of the Philippine Chinese Youth Federation, told the Central News Agency that according to reliable estimates, Chinese people with Chinese cultural background in the Philippines currently account for about 1.2% of the total population, about 1.08 million people, 90% of whom are originally from Fujian, especially Jinjiang, In Huai'an, Nan 'an and other places, the remaining 10% are from Guangdong and other provinces. "It is rare to hear that there are Hakkas." Shi Huajing said that the Chinese and the Philippines have had trade exchanges as early as the Tang Dynasty, and the history of Chinese immigrants to the Philippines can be traced back to the 16th century. However, during the Spanish and American rule, the colonists adopted an unfriendly attitude towards the Chinese, and the United States implemented The Chinese Exclusion Act also extended to the Philippines, and Spanish rulers even massacred Chinese six times, making the Philippines the country with the smallest Chinese population in Southeast Asia. There are only a few Chinese, and certainly fewer Hakkas. "History of the Chinese in Southeast Asia" written by Taiwanese modern history expert Li Enhan, citing 1951 statistics, estimates that the Hakka group accounts for about 2% of the Chinese in the Philippines, while "Hakka Fenghua" published by mainland scholar Hu Xizhang in 1997 points out that approximately 6,800 Hakka people live in the Philippines, mostly concentrated in Manila. Are there so many Hakka people in Manila? Wu Wenhuan, a historian at the Philippine Chinese Traditional Culture Center, told the Central News Agency that there are an estimated 2,000 large and small associations in overseas Chinese communities that are commercial, geographical, kinship, cultural, etc., but he has never heard of the existence of Hakka associations. "If If there are really 6,000 Hakka people, they should have their own society.”

There was no Hakka-related information in the Philippines in the Filipino-Chinese History Museum and library attached to the Philippine Chinese Traditional Culture Center. The Hakka people are not unconnected with the Philippines. The "Thousand Years of Hakkas" written by Taiwanese scholar Tang Jintai said that the Fujian pirate Lin Afeng who briefly occupied the coastal area of ​​Manila in the late 16th century was a Hakka; according to people from the overseas Chinese community, the current Filipino people President Aquino III’s mother, former President Corazon Aquino, is also a Hakka. But where are the Hakka people now? Feng Runzhi, a decision-making member of the Federation of Cantonese Overseas Chinese in the Philippines and an instructor of the Federation of Cantonese Overseas Chinese, recalled that Cantonese came to the Philippines very early and were once the largest ethnic group among the Chinese. Most of them came from Taishan, Kaiping, Guangzhou, Zhongshan and Hong Kong. Among them About 1/10 are Hakkas. Feng Runzhi, who is now in his 80s, said that in the early days of the Filipino overseas community, there were actually 2 or 3 groups whose members were mainly Hakkas. However, many Cantonese, including Hakkas, died and fled during the massacre by Spanish colonists. Others After they succeeded in their careers, they immigrated to the United States or Canada one after another. As a result, there were fewer and fewer Hakkas in the Philippines, and those who remained were gradually assimilated by Fujian and Filipinos. The growth story of Liu Yingfeng, president of the Teachers Association of the Guangdong Overseas Chinese Association, is an example of the assimilation of the Hakka people. Liu Yingfeng said that his parents were from Xinning County and Zijin County in Guangdong Province respectively. Both of them were Hakkas who came to the Philippines alone, but their education levels were not high. They left only one mouthful of Hakka cultural heritage to their children, one boy and three girls. Fluent Hakka, the rest of Hakka customs, Hakka cuisine, etc. have all disappeared from their children. She said that the previous generation of Hakka people still had contact with each other, but since their generation, they have lost contact with each other due to being dispersed. In addition, all the Chinese in the Philippines speak Hokkien, so it is difficult for the Hakka people to know even if they have Hakka friends around them. Already submerged in the wave of Fujian people. The Chinese are already a minority in the Philippines. As a "minority" among the ethnic minorities, the Hakkas are facing the loss of their hard-working spirit and unique cultural traditions. The overseas Chinese community with a history of hundreds of years has not taken any action to save the Hakkas. People's firepower, but the Taiwanese people, who have only a few decades of Chinese immigration history in the Philippines, are willing to try! A reporter from Central News Agency learned through the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the Representative Office of the Republic of China in the Philippines that Geoge Lai and Liu Ruiming, advisory committee members of the Taiwanese Business Association in the Philippines, are organizing a Hakka Association of Taiwanese Businessmen in the Philippines. Although the initial membership is not large, this is still a start. , bringing vitality to the inheritance of Hakka culture in the Philippines. George Lai said that as a Hakka from Jiadong, Pingtung, he had the idea of ​​establishing a Hakka association more than 10 years ago but gradually forgot about it due to busy work. Recently, when he attended the World Taiwanese Business Conference, he met the president of the Singapore Taiwan Hakka Association. Zhong Shida once again came up with the idea of ​​establishing a Hakka Association. After returning to the Philippines, he began to investigate how many Hakkas were among the more than 3,000 Taiwanese businessmen in the Philippines and initially found 30 people. George Lai, who came to the Philippines in 1983, said that they have had dinner together twice to discuss the founding of the association, and preparations are now in full swing. The association will be officially established and registered with the Taiwan and Philippine governments as soon as May this year. George Lai's son, David Lai, deputy secretary-general of the Taiwanese Business Association of the Philippines, can no longer speak Hakka. He can only explore Hakka culture through the Hakka Committee website. George Lai hopes that after the establishment of the Hakka Association, it can unite tourists in the Philippines Being a Taiwanese businessman, at the same time, the next generation who has been assimilated can learn more about the fine culture of the Hakka people and learn the Hakka character of not giving in to adversity. In order to connect with Taiwanese Hakka Associations around the world, this brewing Hakka association may be named "Philippine Taiwan Hakka Association". However, George Lai, Hakka friends from traditional overseas Chinese communities to join or participate in social and educational activities, learn to speak Hakka, sing folk songs, and get in touch with the traditional customs of the Hakka people. The Hakka community in the Philippine Overseas Chinese Community has been hard to trace due to the impact of the environment. However, I believe that the Hakka folk songs that will soon be sung by Taiwanese businessmen in the Philippines will soon bring back the lost Hakka people. Send feedback