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Open Source Kelate, Kota Bharu (2026)

01/01/2023

Sebab Utama untuk memilih rangka kerja web Laravel

- Ia mengikut corak reka bentuk model-view-controller.
- Ia mempunyai ORM dan lapisan pangkalan data yang hebat.
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- Fungsi Teras boleh dilanjutkan.
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02/12/2017

CodeIgniter is an Application Development Framework - a toolkit - for people who build web sites using PHP. Its goal is to enable you to develop projects much faster than you could if you were writing code from scratch, by providing a rich set of libraries for commonly needed tasks, as well as a simple interface and logical structure to access these libraries. CodeIgniter lets you creatively focus on your project by minimizing the amount of code needed for a given task.

11/11/2017

الله اكبر

05/01/2017

Free Html5 Templates - Free Responsive Themes

-acutera

11/12/2016

Invoice Ninja is a solution for invoicing and billing customers. With Invoice Ninja, you can easily build and send beautiful invoices from any device that has access to the web. Your clients can print your invoices, download them as pdf files, and even pay you online from within the system.

Features

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Invoice Ninja seamlessly integrates with all of the top internet payment processors and gateways so you can get paid for your work quickly and easily. Invoices created with our tools aren't just for bookkeeping purposes - they bring in the Benjamins. We also make it super easy to choose the right gateway for the specific needs of your business and are happy to help you to get started working with the gateway of your choice. What's more, we're constantly working on rolling out additional gateway integrations, so if you don't see the one you use here, just let us know, and there's a good chance we'll add it for you.

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22/10/2016

How To Install and Use PostgreSQL on Ubuntu 14.04
Posted Apr 28, 2014 717.3k views PostgreSQL Ubuntu
Introduction

Relational database management systems are a key component of many web sites and applications. They provide a structured way to store, organize, and access information.

PostgreSQL, or Postgres, is a relational database management system that provides an implementation of the SQL querying language. It is a popular choice for many small and large projects and has the advantage of being standards-compliant and having many advanced features like reliable transactions and concurrency without read locks.

In this guide, we will demonstrate how to install Postgres on an Ubuntu 14.04 VPS instance and go over some basic ways to use it.
Installation

Ubuntu's default repositories contain Postgres packages, so we can install them without a hassle using the apt packaging system.

Since we haven't updated our local apt repository lately, let's do that now. We can then get the Postgres package and a "contrib" package that adds some additional utilities and functionality:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib

Now that our software is installed, we can go over how it works and how it may be different from similar database management systems you may have used.
Using PostgreSQL Roles and Databases

By default, Postgres uses a concept called "roles" to aid in authentication and authorization. These are, in some ways, similar to regular Unix-style accounts, but Postgres does not distinguish between users and groups and instead prefers the more flexible term "role".

Upon installation Postgres is set up to use "ident" authentication, meaning that it associates Postgres roles with a matching Unix/Linux system account. If a Postgres role exists, it can be signed in by logging into the associated Linux system account.

The installation procedure created a user account called postgres that is associated with the default Postgres role. In order to use Postgres, we'll need to log into that account. You can do that by typing:

sudo -i -u postgres

You will be asked for your normal user password and then will be given a shell prompt for the postgres user.

You can get a Postgres prompt immediately by typing:

psql

You will be auto-logged in and will be able to interact with the database management system right away.

However, we're going to explain a little bit about how to use other roles and databases so that you have some flexibility as to which user and database you wish to work with.

Exit out of the PostgreSQL prompt by typing:

\q

You should now be back in the postgres Linux command prompt.
Create a New Role

From the postgres Linux account, you have the ability to log into the database system. However, we're also going to demonstrate how to create additional roles. The postgres Linux account, being associated with the Postgres administrative role, has access to some utilities to create users and databases.

We can create a new role by typing:

createuser --interactive

This basically is an interactive shell script that calls the correct Postgres commands to create a user to your specifications. It will only ask you two questions: the name of the role and whether it should be a superuser. You can get more control by passing some additional flags. Check out the options by looking at the man page:

man createuser

Create a New Database

The way that Postgres is set up by default (authenticating roles that are requested by matching system accounts) also comes with the assumption that a matching database will exist for the role to connect to.

So if I have a user called test1, that role will attempt to connect to a database called test1 by default.

You can create the appropriate database by simply calling this command as the postgres user:

createdb test1

Connect to Postgres with the New User

Let's assume that you have a Linux system account called test1 (you can create one by typing: adduser test1), and that you have created a Postgres role and database also called test1.

You can change to the Linux system account by typing:

sudo -i -u test1

You can then connect to the test1 database as the test1 Postgres role by typing:

psql

This will log in automatically assuming that all of the components have been configured.

If you want your user to connect to a different database, you can do so by specifying the database like this:

psql -d postgres

You can get information about the Postgres user you're logged in as and the database you're currently connected to by typing:

\conninfo

You are connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres" via socket in "/var/run/postgresql" at port "5432".

This can help remind you of your current settings if you are connecting to non-default databases or with non-default users.
Create and Delete Tables

Now that you know how to connect to the PostgreSQL database system, we will start to go over how to complete some basic tasks.

First, let's create a table to store some data. Let's create a table that describes playground equipment.

The basic syntax for this command is something like this:

CREATE TABLE table_name (
column_name1 col_type (field_length) column_constraints,
column_name2 col_type (field_length),
column_name3 col_type (field_length)
);

As you can see, we give the table a name, and then define the columns that we want, as well as the column type and the max length of the field data. We can also optionally add table constraints for each column.

You can learn more about how to create and manage tables in Postgres here.

For our purposes, we're going to create a simple table like this:

CREATE TABLE playground (
equip_id serial PRIMARY KEY,
type varchar (50) NOT NULL,
color varchar (25) NOT NULL,
location varchar(25) check (location in ('north', 'south', 'west', 'east', 'northeast', 'southeast', 'southwest', 'northwest')),
install_date date
);

We have made a playground table that inventories the equipment that we have. This starts with an equipment ID, which is of the serial type. This data type is an auto-incrementing integer. We have given this column the constraint of primary key which means that the values must be unique and not null.

For two of our columns, we have not given a field length. This is because some column types don't require a set length because the length is implied by the type.

We then give columns for the equipment type and color, each of which cannot be empty. We then create a location column and create a constraint that requires the value to be one of eight possible values. The last column is a date column that records the date that we installed the equipment.

We can see our new table by typing this:

\d

List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+-------------------------+----------+----------
public | playground | table | postgres
public | playground_equip_id_seq | sequence | postgres
(2 rows)

As you can see, we have our playground table, but we also have something called playground_equip_id_seq that is of the type sequence. This is a representation of the "serial" type we gave our equip_id column. This keeps track of the next number in the sequence.

If you want to see just the table, you can type:

\dt

List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+------------+-------+----------
public | playground | table | postgres
(1 row)

Add, Query, and Delete Data in a Table

Now that we have a table created, we can insert some data into it.

Let's add a slide and a swing. We do this by calling the table we're wanting to add to, naming the columns and then providing data for each column. Our slide and swing could be added like this:

INSERT INTO playground (type, color, location, install_date) VALUES ('slide', 'blue', 'south', '2014-04-28');
INSERT INTO playground (type, color, location, install_date) VALUES ('swing', 'yellow', 'northwest', '2010-08-16');

You should notice a few things. First, keep in mind that the column names should not be quoted, but the column values that you're entering do need quotes.

Another thing to keep in mind is that we do not enter a value for the equip_id column. This is because this is auto-generated whenever a new row in the table is created.

We can then get back the information we've added by typing:

SELECT * FROM playground;

equip_id type color location install_date
1 slide blue south 2014-04-28
2 swing yellow northwest 2010-08-16

(2 rows)

Here, you can see that our equip_id has been filled in successfully and that all of our other data has been organized correctly.

If our slide breaks and we remove it from the playground, we can also remove the row from our table by typing:

DELETE FROM playground WHERE type = 'slide';

If we query our table again, we will see our slide is no longer a part of the table:

SELECT * FROM playground;

equip_id type color location install_date
2 swing yellow northwest 2010-08-16

(1 row)

How To Add and Delete Columns from a Table

If we want to modify a table after it has been created to add an additional column, we can do that easily.

We can add a column to show the last maintenance visit for each piece of equipment by typing:

ALTER TABLE playground ADD last_maint date;

If you view your table information again, you will see the new column has been added (but no data has been entered):

SELECT * FROM playground;

equip_id type color location install_date last_maint
2 swing yellow northwest 2010-08-16

(1 row)

We can delete a column just as easily. If we find that our work crew uses a separate tool to keep track of maintenance history, we can get rid of the column here by typing:

ALTER TABLE playground DROP last_maint;

How To Update Data in a Table

We know how to add records to a table and how to delete them, but we haven't covered how to modify existing entries yet.

You can update the values of an existing entry by querying for the record you want and setting the column to the value you wish to use. We can query for the "swing" record (this will match every swing in our table) and change its color to "red". This could be useful if we gave it a paint job:

UPDATE playground SET color = 'red' WHERE type = 'swing';

We can verify that the operation was successful by querying our data again:

SELECT * FROM playground;

equip_id type color location install_date
2 swing red northwest 2010-08-16

(1 row)

As you can see, our slide is now registered as being red.
Conclusion

You are now set up with PostgreSQL on your Ubuntu 14.04 server. However, there is still much more to learn with Postgres. Here are some more guides that cover how to use Postgres:

A comparison of relational database management systems
Learn how to create and manage tables with Postgres
Get better at managing roles and permissions
Craft queries with Postgres with Select
Install phpPgAdmin to administer databases from a web interface
Learn how to secure PostgreSQL
Set up master-slave replication with Postgres
Learn how to backup a Postgres database

By Justin Ellingwood

22/10/2016

Swapnil Bhartiya
January 12, 2016
The Best Linux Distros of 2016

distro-opensuse2015 was a very important year for Linux, both in the enterprise as well as in the consumer space. As a Linux user since 2005, I can see that the operating system has come a long way in the past 10 years. And, 2016 is going to be even more exciting. In this article, I have picked some of the best distros that will shine in 2016.
Best Comeback Distro: openSUSE

SUSE, the company behind openSUSE, is the oldest Linux company; it was formed just a year after Linus Torvalds announced Linux. The company actually predates Linux king Red Hat. SUSE is also the sponsor of the community-based distro openSUSE.

In 2015, openSUSE teams decided to come closer to SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) so that users could have a distribution that shares its DNA with the enterprise server -- similar to CentOS and Ubuntu. Thus, openSUSE became openSUSE Leap, a distribution that’s directly based on SLE SP (service pack) 1.

The two distros will share the code base to benefit each other -- SUSE will take what’s good in openSUSE and vice versa. With this move, openSUSE is also ditching the regular release cycle, and a new version will be released in sync with SLE. That means each version will have a much longer life cycle.

As a result of this move, openSUSE has become a very important distribution because potential SLE users can now use openSUSE Leap. That’s not all, however; openSUSE also announced the release of Tumbleweed, a pure rolling-release version. So, now, users can use either the super-stable openSUSE Leap or the always up-to-date openSUSE Tumbleweed.

No other distro has made such an impressive comeback in my memory.
Most Customizable Distro: Arch Linux

Arch Linux is the best rolling-release distribution out there. Period. Ok, I could be biased because I am an Arch Linux user. However, the reason behind my claim is that Arch excels in many other areas, too, and that’s why I use it as my main operating system.

Arch Linux is a great distro for those who want to learn everything about Linux. Because you have to install everything manually, you learn all the bits and pieces of a Linux-based operating system.

Arch is the most customizable distribution. There is no “Arch” flavor of any DE. All you get is a foundation and you can build whatever distro want, on top of it. For good or for worse, unlike openSUSE or Ubuntu there is no extra patching or integration. You get what upstream developers created. Period.

Arch Linux is also one of the best rolling releases. It’s always updated. Users always run the latest packages, and they can also run pre-released software through unstable repositories.

Arch is also known for having excellent documentation. Arch Wiki is my to-go resource for everything Linux related.

What I like the most about Arch is that is offers almost every package and software that’s available for “any” Linux distribution, thanks to the Arch User Repository, aka AUR.

Best-Looking Distro: elementary OS

Different Linux distributions have different focus areas -- in most cases, these are technical differences. In many Linux distributions. the look and feel is an afterthought -- a side project at the mercy of the specific desktop environment.

elementary OS is trying to change all that. Here, design is at the forefront, and the reason is quite obvious. The distro is being developed by designers who have made their name in the Linux world by creating beautiful icons.

elementary OS is quite strict about the holistic look and feel. The developers have created their own components, including the desktop environment. Additionally, they choose only those applications that fit into the design paradigm. One can find heavy influence of Mac OS X on elementary OS.
Best Newcomer: Solus

Solus operating system has garnered quite a lot of attention lately. It’s a decent-looking operating system that has been created from scratch. It’s not a derivative of Debian or Ubuntu. It comes with the Budgie desktop environment, which was built from scratch but aims to integrate with Gnome. Solus has the same minimalistic approach as Google’s Chrome OS.

distro-solusI have not played with Solus much, but it does look promising. Solus is actually not a “new” OS. It has been around for a while in different forms and names. But the entire project was revived back in 2015 under this new name.
Best Cloud OS: Chrome OS

Chrome OS may not be your typical Linux-based distribution because it’s a browser-based operating system for online activities. However, because it’s based on Linux and its source code is available for anyone to compile, it’s an attractive OS. I use Chrome OS on a daily basis. It’s an excellent, maintenance-free, always updated OS for anyone using a computer purely for web-related activities. Chrome OS, along with Android, deserves all the credit for making Linux popular in the PC and mobile space.
Best Laptop OS: Ubuntu MATE

Most laptops don’t have very high-end hardware, and if you are running a really resource-intensive desktop environment then you won’t have much system resources or battery life at your disposal -- they will be used by the OS itself. That’s where I found Ubuntu MATE to be an excellent operating system. It’s lightweight, yet has all the bells and whistles needed for a pleasant experience. Thanks to its lightweight design, the majority of system resources are free for applications so you can still do some heavy work on it. I also found it to be a great distro on really low-end systems.
Best Distro for Old Hardware: Lubuntu

If you have an old laptop or PC sitting around, breathe new life into it with Lubuntu. Lubuntu uses LXDE, but the project has merged with Razor Qt to create LXQt. Although the latest release 15.04 is still using LXDE, the future versions will be using LXQt. Lubuntu is a decent operating system for old hardware.
Best Distro for IoT: Snappy Ubuntu Core

Snappy Ubuntu Core is the best Linux-based operating system out there for Internet of Things (IoT) and other such devices. The operating system holds great potential to turn almost everything around us into smart devices -- such as routers, coffeemakers, drones, etc. What makes it even more interesting is the way the software manages updates and offers containerization for added security.
Best Distro for Desktops: Linux Mint Cinnamon

Linux Mint Cinnamon is the best operating system for desktops and powerful laptops. I will go as far as calling it the Mac OS X of the Linux world. Honestly, I had not been a huge fan of Linux Mint for a long time because of unstable Cinnamon. But, as soon as the developers chose to use LTS as the base, the distro has become incredibly stable. Because the developers don’t have to spend much time worrying about keeping up with Ubuntu, they are now investing all of their time in making Cinnamon better.
Best Distro for Games: Steam OS

Gaming has been a weakness of desktop Linux. Many users dual-boot with Windows just to be able to play games. Valve Software is trying to change that. Valve is a game distributor that offers a client to run games on different platforms. And, Valve has now created their open operating system -- Steam OS -- to create a Linux-based gaming platform. By the end of 2015, partners started shipping Steam machines to the market.
Best Distro for Privacy: Tails

In this age of mass surveillance and tracking by marketers (anonymous tracking for targeted content is acceptable), privacy has become a major issue. If you are someone who needs to keep the government and marketing agencies out of your business, you need an operating system that’s created -- from the ground up -- with privacy in mind.

And, nothing beats Tails for this purpose. It’s a Debian-based distribution that offers privacy and anonymity by design. Tails is so good that, according to reports, the NSA considers it a major threat to their mission.
Best Distro for Multimedia Production: Ubuntu Studio

Multimedia production is one of the major weaknesses of Linux-based operating systems. All the professional-grade applications are available for either Windows or Mac OS X. There is no dearth of decent audio/video production software for Linux, but a multimedia production system needs more than just decent applications. It should use a lightweight desktop environment so that precious system resources -- such as CPU and RAM -- are used sparingly by the system itself, leaving them for the multimedia applications. And, the best Linux distribution for multimedia production is Ubuntu Studio. It uses Xfce and comes with a broad range of audio, video, and image editing applications.distro-ubuntu-studio
Best Enterprise Distro: SLE/RHEL

Enterprise customers don’t look for articles like these to choose a distribution to run on their servers. They already know where to go: It’s either Red Hat Enterprise Linux or SUSE Linux Enterprise. These two names have become synonymous with enterprise servers. These companies are also pushing boundaries by innovating in this changing landscape where everything is containerized and becoming software defined.
Best Server OS: Debian/CentOS

If you are looking at running a server, but you can’t afford or don’t want to pay a subscription fee for RHEL or SLE, then there is nothing better than Debian or CentOS. These distributions are the gold standard when it comes to community-based servers. And, they are supported for a very long time, so you won’t have to worry about upgrading your system so often.
Best Mobile OS: Plasma Mobile

Although the Linux-based distribution Android is ruling the roost, many in the open source community, including me, still desire a distribution that offers traditional Linux desktop apps on mobile devices. At the same time, it’s better if the distro is run by a community instead of a company so that a user remains in the focus and not the company’s financial goals. And that’s where KDE’s Plasma Mobile brings some hope.

This Kubuntu-based distribution was launched in 2015. Because the KDE community is known for their adherence to standards and developing stuff in public, I am quite excited about the future of Plasma Mobile.
Best Distro for ARM Devices: Arch Linux ARM

With the success of Android, we are now surrounded by ARM-powered devices -- from Raspberry Pi to Chromebook and Nvidia Shield. The traditional distros written for Intel/AMD processors won’t run on these systems. Some distributions are aimed at ARM, but they are mostly for specific hardware only, such as Raspbian for Raspberry Pi. That’s where Arch Linux ARM (ALARM) shines. It’s a purely community-based distribution that’s based on Arch Linux. You can run it on Raspberry Pi, Chromebooks, Android devices, Nvidia Shield, and what not. What makes this distribution even more interesting is that, thanks to the Arch User Repository (AUR), you can install many applications than you may not get on other distributions.
Conclusion

I was astonished and amazed when I worked on this story. It’s very exciting to see that there is something for everyone in the Linux world. It doesn’t matter if the year of the desktop Linux never arrives. We are happy with our Linux moments!

22/09/2015

I have install CentOS 7, I unable to update unless I add the mirror list into my /etc/hosts. I can ping to what ever domain but cannot browse unless I put the address in my hosts file. The ping

21/09/2015

Centos 7 : Troubleshooting
==============================================
# yum update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/… error was
12: Timeout on http://mirrorlist.centos.org/…: (28, 'Resolving timed out after 30424 milliseconds')
One of the configured repositories failed (Unknown),
and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the only
safe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this:
1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem.
2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a working
upstream. This is most often useful if you are using a newer
distribution release than is supported by the repository (and the
packages for the previous distribution release still work).
3. Disable the repository, so yum won't use it by default. Yum will then
just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it again or use
--enablerepo for temporary usage:
yum-config-manager --disable
4. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable.
Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands,
so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be much
slower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice
compromise:
yum-config-manager --save --setopt=.skip_if_unavailable=true
Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base/7/x86_64
=============================================
# yum update --skip-broken
nota : error same
# yum clean all
# rpm --rebuilddb
nota : error same
# yum install yum-plugin-priorities
nota : error same
# yum repolist enabled
==============================================
yum repolist enabled
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/… error was
12: Timeout on http://mirrorlist.centos.org/…: (28, 'Resolving timed out after 30417 milliseconds')
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/… error was
12: Timeout on http://mirrorlist.centos.org/…: (28, 'Resolving timed out after 30425 milliseconds')
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/… error was
12: Timeout on http://mirrorlist.centos.org/…: (28, 'Resolving timed out after 30425 milliseconds')
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 0
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 0
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 0
repolist: 0
==============================================
nota : Cek network
# nmcli d
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s17
=====================
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=yes
=====================
# systemctl restart network
static :
=====================
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=172.27.0.32
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=172.27.0.1
DNS1=172.27.0.5
=====================
# systemctl restart network
nota: hostname
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
=====================
HOSTNAME=server.krizna.com
DNS1=192.168.1.5
DNS2=8.8.8.8
SEARCH=safa.com.my
=====================

nota : cek repos
# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/

# yum repolist all

# curl 'http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=stock'

host mirrorlist.centos.org

nota : set static ip
systemctl status NetworkManager.service

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