18/05/2017
Technology is moving so fast that society could soon feel the repercussions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Here are some of the disruptive technologies that are set to radically transform manufacturing once again.
In the late 18th century, new manufacturing processes – largely driven by water and stream power – saw major growth in industries such as coal, iron and textiles, that led to profound economic and social change. This is today widely recognised as the First Industrial Revolution.
By the final third of the 19th century, the Second Industrial Revolution had arrived and with it came new innovations in electricity, petroleum and steel that led to many important new products and inventions – the most famous of which was the automobile.
The first two revolutions helped create a more affluent and urbanised society. The introduction of computers and automation has accelerated society further and we are currently living through the Third Industrial Revolution, when industry and society are becoming increasingly digital.
Smart manufacturing is on the horizon, arming manufacturers with data that they can use to increase efficiencies and drive new levels of productivity. Integral to this are disruptive technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud, autonomous vehicles, big data and analytics, 3D printing, nanotechnology and biotechnology.
There is a growing argument that these technologies are evolving so fast that the world is already approaching the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
The latest Cisco Visual Networking Index offers a statistical sneak-peek into the not- so-distant future. It estimates that by 2020 there will be 4.1 billion global internet users and more than 12 billion global machine- to-machine (M2M) connections (up from 4.9 billion in 2015). While in the Middle East and Africa, M2M connections are set to grow from 200 million in 2015 to 536 million in 2020.
The significant rise in connected devices is paving the way for more widespread and smarter automation in the manufacturing space, which is further accelerated by a new generation of cheaper and safer robots. Over the last century, we have made the transition from people manually building cars to robots assembling cars – and artificial intelligence will continue to be a game changer in an industry typically driven by cost reduction.
If we examine some of the other breakthrough technologies that could potentially form part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution then 3D printers would also be top of the pile. The technology has the capability to replace mass manufacturing with products customised for individual requirements.
The Middle East and Africa is expected to be some of the highest growth markets for 3D printing in the coming years. Spending on 3D printing in the Middle East and Africa market is set to reach $1.3 billion by 2019, according to research from International Data Corporation (IDC).
Like the revolutions before it, the Fourth Industrial Revolution offers the potential to improve living standards and raise income levels globally. Its success hinges on the application of disruptive technologies across many industry sectors – but it seems manufacturing could lead the way.