27/05/2020
Introduction of BGP
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) advertises, learn, and choose the best paths inside the wide internet. When two ISPs connected, they typically use BGP to exchange routing information. The ISPs of the world wide exchange routing information with one or more than one ISPs.
Autonomous system
An autonomous system is a collection of networks under a single technical administration domain. IGPs like OSPF EIGRP operate within an Autonomous system. We use BGP between the autonomous systems to exchange of loop-free routing information.
Internal and External BGP
BGP defines in two classes for neighbors.
Internal BGP ( iBGP ) operates within the same autonomous system.
External BGP ( E BGP) operates in between the multiple autonomous system
BGP features
BGP is a open standard protocol
exterior gateway protocol designed for inter-AS domain routing to scale huge neter-network like internet
its support classless , VLSM, CIDR, auto and manual summary
updates are incremental and trigger BGP send updates to manually defined neighbor as unicast.
BGP is application layer protocol uses TCP for reliability, TCP port 179
Metric is attributes
Administrative distance is 20 for external updates ( EBGP) and 200 for internal updates (i BGP)
Types of ISP connections
Single Homed
Dual-Homed sites
Multi-Homing
Dual Multi-Homing
Single homed
Single homed a site with a single ISP connection is single-homed. Single homed is good for a site that does not depend heavily on internet or WAN connectivity. you can advertise the site route or static routes and receives a default route from the internet service provider.
Dual-homed
A Dual-homed site has two connections to the same ISP either from one router or two routers. one link might br primary and the other is backup, or the site might be load balancing over both the connections. we can use static or dynamic routing.
Multi-homed
Multi-homing means having connecting links one or more ISP at the same time. it is done for redundancy and backup if one ISP fails and for better performance if one ISP provides a better path to frequently used networks. multi-homed also gives yo an ISP independent solution. BGP is typically used with multihomed connections.
Dual multi-homed
Dual multi-homed means having two connections with multiple ISPs. Dual multihomed gives you the most redundancy. BGP is used with ISPs and can be implemented internally also.
