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Reading your monthly electric bill, you would know if you stopped using your air conditioner since the previous month, but you may not notice if you stopped watching television, because electronic
appliances don’t use as much energy by themselves. But as it turns out, an estimated 10% to 15% of all electricity used in American homes can be attributed to the buzz of electronic devices, not because they use a lot of energy, but because of their sheer numbers. As electronics use continues to proliferate, and as new products with higher energy demands hit the market, the overall portion of the household energy budget devoted to electronics is expected to grow. Thinking About Power Modes | Power Supplies | Home Entertainment Equipment | Computers and Home Office Equipment | Portable Electronics
The vast majority of home electronics energy use — up to 90% by some estimates — is consumed by home entertainment systems and home office equipment. Although each of these products uses a relatively small amount of electricity on an individual basis, they continue to proliferate rapidly and represent an opportunity to keep overall electronics energy use in check. Thinking About Power Modes
To minimize the energy used by home electronics, it is helpful first to understand their operating modes and how power consumption varies by mode. This will make it easier to understand the opportunities for saving energy in the many different electronics products you most likely have in your home. For starters, it is helpful to understand the true meaning of “on” and “off” as applied to electronics. It’s rarely that simple! Unlike a light switch that turns a lamp or fixture on or off, many electronics products operate in two, three, or even four modes, and even continue to draw power when apparently turned off. Commonly identified modes and their definitions are shown in the table below. Home electronics use power in standby and off modes to support features such as instant-on, remote control, channel memory, and LED clock displays. Common electronics components, like power supplies and battery chargers, contribute to standby and off-mode power consumption and also impact a product’s in-use energy consumption. Common Electronics Operating Modes
Mode Definition Examples
Active (In-Use) Appliance is performing its primary function TV displays picture and/or sound. DVR records or plays back show. Printer prints document
Active Standby Appliance ready for use, but not performing primary function. Appears on to the consumer. DVD player on but not playing. Mobile device or cordless appliance charging. Passive Standby Appliance is off or in standby. Appears off to consumer, but can be activated by remote control OR performing peripheral function. Microwave not in use, but clock is on. CD player off, but can be turned on with remote control. Off Appliance is turned off and no function is being performed. Consumer cannot activate with remote control. Computer speakers are off, but plugged in. TV is not functioning and cannot be turned on with remote. Active mode power consumption varies widely by product type, from less than 10 watts for some computer peripherals and stereo equipment to more than 200 watts for plasma screen TVs. Recent studies estimate that active mode power accounts for approximately 60% of electronics power consumption. Low power modes (including active standby, passive standby, and off mode) typically range from less than 1 watt to around 10 watts, although some products can use as much as 50 watts in one or more low power mode! household consumes 50 watts of standby and off-mode power constantly, amounting to about 440 kWh per year. Nationwide, this electricity costs consumers over $3.5 billion per year. Power Supplies
Electronics products run on low-voltage direct current (DC) and therefore require power supplies to transform the 120-volt alternating current (AC) supplied at the power outlet. Some larger products, like TVs, stereos, and set-top boxes, incorporate the power supply into the body of the product. Others use external power supplies, the familiar “wall packs” that increasingly compete for space in our outlets and power strips. These power supplies consume electricity whether the product is on or off — and even if the product is disconnected! The fact that these power supplies are drawing power can be demonstrated simply by grasping a wall pack that has been plugged in for a while: it will be warm to the touch. That warmth is simply electrical energy wasted as heat. Did You Know? The 2.5 billion power supplies in use throughout the U.S. consume around 2% of the country’s electricity production and emit almost 50 million tons of carbon dioxide each year. A number of manufacturers now offer high-efficiency power supplies (typically “switch-mode” power supplies). As of 2008, federal standards covering some external power supplies set minimum active-mode efficiency requirements and capped standby (no-load) power consumption at 0.5 watts. Revisions to the federal standards effective in 2016 expanded coverage to additional types and further reduced energy use by 30% to 85% depending on the type of power supply. As a bonus, high-efficiency power supplies are much smaller and lighter than the wall-pack power supplies they replace, saving room under your desk and in your briefcase. The best of these devices boast efficiency levels of more than 90%, compared to the older bulkier power supplies that were only 20-40% efficient (meaning they waste more than half of the electricity that passes through them!). Home Entertainment Equipment
Considering that more than one-third of all American households have three or more TVs (and over half have one or two TVs), it is no surprise that home entertainment systems are a major household energy use. The table below lists the power consumption of common consumer electronics products across their operating modes, as well as annual electricity use. Use the table to estimate how much energy is consumed by these electronics in your home. Energy Usage of Common Home Entertainment Appliances
Product
Passive Standby and/or Off
Active Standby
Active Power (in use)
Average Annual Energy Use
WATTS kWh
Televisions
Rear Projection 3 - 160 447
Plasma Screen TV (