05/10/2021
A warehouse management system (WMS) is a software application designed to support and optimizes warehouse functionality and distribution center management. These systems facilitate management in using simplified automatic technologies useful in daily activities like planning, organizing, staffing, directing, warehouse keeping and controlling the utilization of available resources, to move and store materials inside, around and outside of a warehouse, while supporting staff in the performance of material movement and storage in and around a warehouse, without causing any large scale disruption to business resources.
A WMS uses a database configured to support warehouse operations, containing detail describing a variety of standard warehouse elements including:
1. Individual stock keeping units (SKUs) that are handled and stored, e.g., weight, dimensions, case pack, automatic ID labels (bar codes, etc.), and inventory by location with manufacture date, lot code, etc. SKUs may include basic materials, fabricated parts, assemblies, and industrial and consumer finished goods, etc.;
2. Warehouse storage locations, e.g., individual location number, picking sequence, type of use (picking, reserve storage, etc.), type of storage (each, case, pallet), location size or capacity, storage restriction (flammable, hazardous, high value materials, outdoor, etc.), etc.;
3. Dock doors, e.g., individual number, etc.; and
4. Expected labor productivity rates by function or activity, e.g., cases picked per man-hour, etc.
Daily management functions include
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Staffing
4. Directing
5. Controlling
A modern WMS will connect to a variety of communication technologies (radio frequency), automatic ID technologies (barcode, RFID, etc.), mobile computers, and occasionally automated material handling (conveyors and sortation) and storage equipment (carousels, automatic storage and retrieval, etc.).
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