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CionLabs, 2nd Floor, Building 380, 9th Main, Sector 7, HSR Layout, Bangalore (2026)

19/06/2026

LoRaWAN for Bharat: Is this the Secret to Smart Utility Monetization?

For senior executives in India's utilities, municipal bodies, and smart city missions, a crucial question demands attention. How can we deploy massive sensor networks across thousands of square kilometers without being trapped by recurring connectivity costs and unreliable coverage? The answer lies in a technology that is quietly transforming Indias utility landscape: LoRaWAN.

A mid-sized Indian city managing 10,000 sensor nodes can save over ₹10 crore in five years by choosing LoRaWAN over cellular alternatives. This is not a theoretical projection. Real deployments across India are proving that LoRaWAN delivers 40 to 60 percent lower total cost of ownership compared to cellular IoT solutions for large-scale utility monitoring.

This blog examines the hard data behind LoRaWAN adoption in India, the specific cost advantages for utilities, and why this technology is emerging as the secret weapon for smart utility monetization in Bharat.

The Cost Advantage: LoRaWAN vs. Cellular IoT

The financial case for LoRaWAN becomes compelling when viewed through a total cost of ownership lens over a five-year deployment horizon. Decision-makers often focus on hardware prices, but the real cost drivers are connectivity fees and battery replacement cycles.

For a 1,000-node deployment, the numbers tell a clear story:

Cost ElementLoRaWAN (Private Network)NB-IoT / 4G CellularHardware per node₹3,000 to ₹6,000₹4,000 to ₹8,000Gateway infrastructure₹80,000 to ₹1,50,000 per gatewayRelies on existing operator towersRecurring data cost per device per year₹0 (private network)₹500 to ₹1,200Battery replacement cycleEvery 7 to 15 yearsEvery 3 to 5 yearsTotal 5-Year Cost (1,000 nodes)~₹1.2 to 1.8 crore~₹2.8 to 3.5 crore5-Year Cost Advantage40 to 60 percent lowerBaseline

Source: Uniconverge Technologies deployment analysis

The cost advantage compounds over time. In year one, the difference is moderate. By year five, the elimination of per-device data tariffs for thousands of nodes creates savings of crores. For cities managing 10,000 plus sensor nodes, the five-year saving over a cellular-based alternative can exceed ₹10 crore. This is why municipalities that run the full TCO calculation almost always choose LoRaWAN.

Technical Superiority in Indian Conditions

LoRaWAN operates in unlicensed spectrum (865 to 867 MHz in India) and can be deployed with privately owned gateways. No monthly operator fees apply once the gateway infrastructure is established. For utilities operating across vast geographies, this independence from telecom operators is transformative.

The technical advantages are substantial:

Range: LoRaWAN provides 2 to 5 kilometers in urban environments and 10 to 15 kilometers in rural or open terrain. For a utility serving a district or a smart city zone, a single gateway can cover an entire housing society or agricultural block, supporting over 100,000 devices.

Battery Life: LoRaWAN devices achieve battery life of 7 to 15 years, compared to 3 to 5 years for cellular alternatives. This eliminates the massive operational cost of replacing batteries across thousands of meters.

Indoor Pene
contd..

Read the complete article:
https://cionlabs.com/lorawan-for-bharat-is-this-the-secret-to-smart-utility-monetization/

18/06/2026

ITSAR for Group VI Devices: The New Security Baseline for Smart Meters & Trackers

For senior executives in India's IoT manufacturing and deployment sectors, a regulatory deadline is approaching that will reshape product development roadmaps. On March 5, 2026, the Department of Telecommunications India cipublished the Indian Telecom Security Assurance Requirements document, formally establishing Common Security Requirements for Group VI devices. This group includes three categories of IoT products that are already being deployed across India in massive volumes: Vehicle Tracking Devices, Smart Electricity Meters, and Feedback Devices.

This blog explains what ITSAR requires, why it creates a critical business opportunity for compliant IoT product design, and how Cionlabs helps clients meet these requirements with white-label solutions built on Beken chipsets.

Understanding Group VI Devices Under ITSAR

The National Centre for Communication Security formally added Group VI devices to the scope of mandatory security testing on March 27, 2026. This expansion marks a significant shift. Prior groups covered core network equipment, access network infrastructure, transmission equipment, IP networking devices, and terminal equipment. Group VI now brings mass-deployed IoT devices into the same security framework.

The three device types covered under Group VI are:

Device TypeITSAR Reference NumberVehicle Tracking DevicesITSAR309072504Smart Electricity MetersITSAR309052504Feedback DevicesITSAR309042504

Source: NCCS memorandum, March 27, 2026

"Feedback devices" is a category that encompasses multiple IoT product types that communicate data back to central systems. For most Indian IoT manufacturers and solution providers, this means that products deployed today will require security certification under ITSAR starting in the coming months.

The 16 Common Security Requirements: A Complete Compliance Framework

The ITSAR document establishes Common Security Requirements structured across 16 critical areas. These are not optional guidelines. They represent the mandatory baseline for security certification.

Authentication and Identity ManagementEvery Group VI device must implement robust authentication mechanisms. The device cannot trust data received from other devices without verification. Connections at all protocol levels must be intentional and protected against unauthorized access.

Authorisation and Access ControlAccess to device functions and data must be controlled based on defined policies. Unauthorized access attempts must be prevented or logged.

Secure Storage of Sensitive InformationAny sensitive data stored on the device, including cryptographic keys and personal information, must be protected using approved encryption methods.

Data ProtectionPersonal data communicated between the device and associated services must be protected for confidentiality. Critical security parameters must be encrypted during transmission.

Secure CommunicationAll communication channels must implement Transport Layer Security version 1.2 or higher, regardless of the sensitivity of the data being transmitted. For cloud service communications using protocols like MQTT, encryption using Datagram Transport
contd..

Read the complete article:
https://cionlabs.com/itsar-for-group-vi-devices-the-new-security-baseline-for-smart-meters-trackers/

17/06/2026

Building Trust in AIoT: Addressing the "Right to Grievance" in Hardware

For senior technology executives and product leaders in India, a significant regulatory shift is reshaping how AIoT products must be designed. By May 2027, every connected device that collects personal data will require a documented, auditable, and enforceable grievance redressal mechanism.

This is not a software feature. It is a hardware mandate.

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) and the DPDP Rules, 2025 have introduced the "Right to Grievance Redressal" as a fundamental right for data principals, the individuals whose personal data is being processed. Data fiduciaries, the organizations that determine how and why personal data is processed, must respond to grievances within 90 days.

For AIoT device manufacturers and white-label solution providers, this creates a new product requirement: hardware that can reliably receive, log, and respond to user grievances over its entire operational lifecycle.

This blog explains the specific hardware implications of the Right to Grievance under the DPDP framework, the risks of non-compliance, and how Cionlabs helps clients build grievance-ready AIoT devices.

The DPDP Framework: What Every Hardware Executive Must Know

India's DPDP Act was enacted in August 2023. The operational DPDP Rules were notified on November 13, 2025. Together, they establish India's first comprehensive framework governing the collection, processing, storage, and transfer of digital personal data.

The compliance timeline is structured in three phases :

PhaseEffective DateKey RequirementsStage 1November 13, 2025Data Protection Board of India established; institutional framework activatedStage 2November 13, 2026Consent Manager registration commences; Consent Manager obligations take effectStage 3May 13, 2027Full compliance mandatory; penalties enforceable for all violations

May 13, 2027, is the hard deadline. Organizations that fail to comply by this date face penalties up to INR 250 crore, approximately USD 30 million, for serious violations, including security safeguard failures.

This is not a distant concern. 2026 is the ex*****on year. The 18-month compliance window is open, and organizations must redesign systems, implement security architectures, and establish grievance mechanisms now.

The Right to Grievance: What It Means for Hardware

The DPDP framework grants data principals six distinct rights :

Right to access personal data

Right to correction and updating

Right to erasure

Right to withdraw consent

Right to grievance redressal

Right to nominate a representative

The Right to Grievance Redressal requires data fiduciaries to publish a grievance mechanism and respond to complaints within 90 days. For software-only businesses, this is a process and policy obligation. For AIoT hardware manufacturers, it is an engineering requirement.

Why hardware matters for grievance redressal:

Consider a smart energy meter installed in a housing society. The resident, a data principal, wants to withdraw consent for data collection. Under the DPDP Act, withdrawal must be as easy as giving consent. The meter must accept that withdrawal co
contd..

Read the complete article:
https://cionlabs.com/building-trust-in-aiot-addressing-the-right-to-grievance-in-hardware/

17/06/2026

"Make in India" vs. Imported Modules: The Cost-Benefit Analysis of Domestic IoT Hardware

For senior executives across India's manufacturing, technology, and consumer electronics sectors, a strategic question demands immediate attention: Should we continue importing IoT modules, or is domestic hardware the smarter business decision?

The answer has changed dramatically in the past twelve months. New import regulations, duty restructuring, and the emergence of competitive domestic manufacturers have fundamentally altered the cost-benefit equation. What was once a straightforward decision favoring Chinese imports now requires careful recalculation.

This analysis examines the hard numbers behind India's IoT hardware shift, drawing on recent policy changes, market data, and real-world deployment economics.

Section 1: The Changing Duty Landscape for Electronics Imports

The first variable in any cost-benefit analysis is the landed cost of imported goods. Recent policy changes have moved this number significantly.

In December 2025, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade issued Notification No. 12/2025, amending the import policy for electronic goods. While basic duty rates remained unchanged at the time, the notification revised licensing requirements and SCOMET restrictions for specific categories of electronic components.

The current duty structure for electronics imports stands as follows:

Product CategoryBasic Customs DutyIGSTSocial Welfare SurchargeTotal Landed Cost FactorSmartphones20%18%10% on BCD42-45%Laptops and PCs0%18%0%18%Electronic Components0-10%18%10% on BCD20-30%

The Social Welfare Surcharge calculation is often misunderstood. It applies at 10 percent of the Basic Customs Duty amount, not the total CIF value. For a shipment valued at ₹10,00,000 with 20 percent BCD, the SWS equals ₹20,000, not ₹1,00,000. Getting this calculation wrong can distort landed cost estimates by 5 to 8 percentage points.

The Union Budget 2026, presented in February 2026, introduced further changes. Basic Customs Duty was reduced on select electronic components and raw materials to support domestic manufacturing. Simultaneously, the government removed the Social Welfare Surcharge from 82 tariff lines. Zero import duty was extended to items including PCBA components, camera modules, connectors, and inputs for LED and LCD TV panel manufacturing.

For IoT hardware importers, the net effect is mixed. Raw components are cheaper to bring in. Finished modules face a more complex regulatory environment.

Section 2: The Real Cost of Chinese Modules Today

To understand the domestic alternative, we must first establish the baseline cost of imported modules.

China remains the dominant supplier of IoT hardware to India. In 2025 alone, electronics worth $38.2 billion were imported from China. This volume creates pricing power. A generic Wi-Fi module from a Chinese supplier typically costs between $2.50 and $4.00 per unit at scale, depending on specifications and order volume.

However, the landed cost tells a different story. Apply 10 to 15 percent BCD plus applicable SWS and IGST, factor in freight and customs clearance, and the landed cost rises to $3.20 to $5.20 per unit. For an order of 100,000 units, thi
contd..

Read the complete article:
https://cionlabs.com/make-in-india-vs-imported-modules-the-cost-benefit-analysis-of-domestic-iot-hardware/

15/06/2026

Edge Computing vs. Cloud: Achieving 50% Downtime Reduction in Indian Manufacturing

For senior manufacturing executives and technology leaders across India, the question of where to process industrial data has become a strategic decision with direct financial impact. Traditional cloud-based Industrial IoT architectures promised efficiency. But on Indian factory floors, they have delivered latency, recurring costs, and missed opportunities.

The alternative is edge computing. Industry benchmarks indicate that predictive maintenance powered by edge AI can reduce unplanned downtime by as much as 50 per cent. For a mid-sized Indian manufacturing plant operating on thin margins, this improvement can translate to annual savings in crores.

This blog examines the hard data behind edge versus cloud decisions, the specific cost advantages of local processing, and why Indian manufacturers are shifting their architectures now.

The Real Cost of Unplanned Downtime in Indian Factories

Before comparing architectures, we must understand the problem they aim to solve. Unplanned downtime is not an inconvenience. It is a direct drain on profitability.

Recent survey data from ABB reveals that unplanned downtime costs Indian industrial businesses approximately INR 7 million per hour. This figure accounts for lost production, idle labour, delayed shipments, and the emergency costs of getting machines running again.

For a textile mill in Gujarat or Tamil Nadu, a single variable frequency drive or servo drive failure can cascade into 8 to 12 hours of production loss. The cost of such an incident ranges between INR 2.5 lakh and INR 5 lakh. The replacement part itself may cost only INR 85,000. The real damage comes from production hours lost while waiting for sourcing and repair.

Across 200 textile plants analyzed in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, the average spare parts inventory variance is 42 percent. Plants either hold too much capital in slow-moving inventory or too little of critical components, resulting in 3 to 5 day sourcing delays.

These numbers illustrate a simple truth. For Indian manufacturers, every minute of unexpected stoppage has a calculable cost. The question is whether technology can predict and prevent these stoppages before they occur.

Cloud Dependent IoT: Why It Fails on the Factory Floor

The conventional IoT model appears straightforward. Sensors collect data. The data travels to the cloud. Cloud servers process and return insights. In an office environment with stable, high-bandwidth internet, this works.

On an Indian factory floor, this architecture creates three fundamental problems.

First, latency is unpredictable and often unacceptable. A cloud-dependent predictive maintenance system requires round-trip transmission of sensor data to a remote data center and back. Even under optimal conditions, this takes 150 to 500 milliseconds. For a high-speed production line, that delay means a machine may produce several defective units or suffer damage before an alert arrives. A bearing does not wait for cloud processing to fail.

Second, internet dependency creates a single point of failure. Indian industrial internet connections, while improving, remain inconsistent during peak hours, monsoon
contd..

Read the complete article:
https://cionlabs.com/edge-computing-vs-cloud-achieving-50-downtime-reduction-in-indian-manufacturing/

14/06/2026

The DPDP Act Deadline: Why Your IoT Product Roadmap Must Change by May 2027

A quiet deadline is approaching. It does not appear on most manufacturing calendars. It is rarely discussed in product review meetings. Yet by May 13, 2027, every company that builds, deploys, or manages connected devices in India must fundamentally transform how those devices handle personal data.

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act), along with its Rules notified on November 13, 2025, establishes India's first comprehensive data privacy framework. For IoT device manufacturers, industrial automation providers, and smart product brands, this is not a software update. It is a hardware-level mandate that changes what "compliance" means at the silicon level.

The numbers tell the story. Penalties for non-compliance can reach ₹250 crore for security failures and ₹200 crore for breach of notification requirements. The market at stake is substantial. India's IoT devices market is projected to grow from USD 9.7 billion in 2026 to USD 44.4 billion by 2033, at a compound annual growth rate of 24.3 percent. The IoT device management segment alone will rise from USD 751.2 million in 2026 to USD 1.42 billion by 2031.

This blog examines exactly what the DPDP Act requires of IoT hardware, why cloud-dependent architectures are becoming compliance liabilities, and how edge-based product designs create both regulatory safety and competitive advantage.

The May 13, 2027, Deadline: What It Means for IoT Products

The DPDP Rules, 2025, were published by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology on November 13, 2025. The government adopted a phased implementation approach to allow Data Fiduciaries, processors, and enterprises to transition in a structured manner.

The critical dates are these:

Effective DateRequirementImpact on IoT ProductsNovember 13, 2025 (Immediate)Data Protection Board of India established; definitions and rule-making powers activatedNo immediate operational changeNovember 13, 2026 (12 months)Consent Manager registration and operational requirementsIoT platforms must integrate with India-based consent managersMay 13, 2027 (18 months)All core operational provisions including consent obligations and Data Fiduciary requirementsFull compliance mandatory for all IoT devices handling personal data

Source: DPDP Rules notification provisions

For senior executives, the key takeaway is this: every IoT device that collects, processes, or transmits personal data, including user identifiers, location information, health data, or behavioral patterns, must comply by May 13, 2027. The existing framework under Section 43A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, will remain in force only until that date.

The Fundamental Shift: Why Cloud-Only Architectures Become Compliance Risks

The DPDP Act establishes clear principles: personal data must be processed with valid consent, used only for specified purposes, stored with reasonable security, and deleted when no longer necessary. For a smartphone app, this is manageable. For a network of 10,000 connected industrial sensors, it becomes a design challenge.

Three specific requirements make cloud-dependent IoT architectures problematic und
contd..

Read the complete article:
https://cionlabs.com/the-dpdp-act-deadline-why-your-iot-product-roadmap-must-change-by-may-2027/

02/06/2026

The ROI of Edge Intelligence in Indian Manufacturing: Reducing Cloud Spend by 40 Percent

For senior manufacturing executives and technology leaders across India, a critical question has emerged: Is cloud-dependent Industrial IoT the right path forward? The answer, increasingly, is no. As Indian manufacturers push toward Industry 4.0, a new architecture called Edge Intelligence is proving to deliver superior returns, lower operational costs, and faster payback periods.

The numbers are compelling. A mid-sized Indian factory can reduce unplanned downtime by 42 percent, achieve payback in under four months, and cut cloud-related infrastructure costs by up to 92 percent by shifting intelligence from distant data centers to the factory floor itself.

This blog examines the hard data behind edge AI adoption in Indian manufacturing, the specific cost advantages over cloud-only architectures, and why leading industrial enterprises are making the switch now.

The Hidden Cost of Cloud Dependency in Indian Factories

Traditional IoT implementations follow a simple model: sensors collect data, send everything to the cloud, and cloud servers process and return insights. For an office environment with stable internet, this works. On an Indian factory floor, it creates three costly problems.

First, latency becomes a production killer. A cloud-dependent predictive maintenance system requires round-trip transmission times of 150 to 500 milliseconds in optimal conditions. For a high-speed production line running at 100 units per minute, that delay means the machine has already produced several defective units or suffered damage before the alert arrives. A bearing does not wait for cloud processing to fail.

Second, bandwidth costs escalate without warning. A single vibration sensor on a critical motor generates thousands of readings per second. Streaming all that data to the cloud for every machine across a plant requires continuous high-bandwidth connectivity. In Indian manufacturing environments, where internet connections remain inconsistent and data plans carry real costs, this approach fails systematically.

Third, data sovereignty creates compliance risk. When operational data leaves the factory floor, it enters networks beyond the owner's control. For manufacturers serving export markets or handling sensitive production data, this creates unacceptable exposure under emerging data protection frameworks.

These are not theoretical concerns. A textile unit in Tirupur experienced exactly these challenges before moving to edge AI. Their cloud-based monitoring system frequently missed alerts during internet outages, and monthly connectivity costs were eating into the project's ROI.

Edge Intelligence: A Different Architectural Choice

Edge AI transforms the equation fundamentally. Instead of sending raw data to the cloud, processing happens locally on the device or on a nearby gateway. Only meaningful insights, alerts, or aggregated summaries travel across the network.

The performance differences are dramatic:

MetricCloud-Dependent IoTEdge IntelligenceImprovementInference latency150-500 msUnder 5 ms97-99% reductionHardware requirements per site50 GPUs4 GPUs92% reductionMemory usage per model14.1 GB3.8 GB73% r
contd..

Read the complete article:
https://cionlabs.com/the-roi-of-edge-intelligence-in-indian-manufacturing-reducing-cloud-spend-by-40-percent/

01/06/2026

White-Label Smart Energy Meters: Accelerating India’s AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) Adoption

India’s power distribution sector is undergoing its most significant transformation since independence. At the heart of this change lies the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) program, a cornerstone of the government’s Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS). The target is ambitious: replace 250 million conventional meters with smart prepaid meters.

Yet, as of July 2025, only 25.6 million of the 123 million awarded meters had been installed. The gap between policy ambition and on-ground reality presents a massive opportunity for energy OEMs, DISCOMs, and technology partners. This blog examines the market opportunity, the roadblocks, and the compelling case for white-label smart energy meters as the accelerant India needs.

The Market Opportunity: A Rs 4 Lakh Crore Potential

The financial incentives for accelerating AMI adoption are staggering. According to Care Edge Ratings, smart metering could help Indian DISCOMs generate an additional Rs 4 lakh crore in revenue over the next seven years through improved billing and collection efficiency.

The smart meter manufacturing industry itself is booming. Crisil Ratings projects manufacturer revenues to grow 20 per cent in FY26, reaching approximately Rs 9,000 crore. Operating profitability is expected to approach 13 per cent, driven by higher margins on smart meters compared to conventional alternatives.

The total investment required for the 250 million meter target is significant. Care Edge estimates the need for Rs 1.25 lakh crore in investment, with Rs 95,000 crore in debt financing and a 25 per cent equity contribution. This creates a USD 20-25 billion opportunity for the Indian energy sector.

Beyond electricity, adjacent markets are expanding rapidly. India’s ultrasonic smart water meter market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 10.1 per cent in revenue and 13.2 per cent in volume through 2032, driven by the Jal Jeevan Mission and industrial expansion.

The Reality Check: Why Installation is Lagging

Despite the clear opportunity, ex*****on has fallen significantly behind schedule. If implementation had proceeded according to plan, approximately 60 million meters should have been installed by mid-2025. The actual figure was less than half that.

Crisil Ratings identifies several root causes for this delay :

Right-of-way challenges: Installing meters in dense urban areas and navigating permissions in residential societies has proven more time-consuming than anticipated.

Consumer awareness gaps: Many consumers resist smart meter installation due to concerns about radiation, privacy, or the perception that meters will increase their bills.

Operational issues faced by AMISPs: Advanced Metering Infrastructure Service Providers have struggled with supply chain coordination and field deployment logistics.

Deferred inspections: DISCOMs have been slow to commission and approve installed meters, delaying revenue recognition.

Critically, these delays impact project returns. Crisil estimates that a six to twelve-month ex*****on delay, combined with payment cycles extending beyond expectations, can reduce the internal rate of retu
contd..

Read the complete article:
https://cionlabs.com/white-label-smart-energy-meters-accelerating-indias-ami-advanced-metering-infrastructure-adoption/

28/05/2026

LoRaWAN vs. NB-IoT for Indian Agriculture & Smart Metering: Which Wins for Scale?

India is witnessing a silent revolution in connectivity. Not the kind that streams videos on smartphones, but the kind that streams data from a water meter in a Mumbai high-rise or a soil sensor in a remote Punjab farm. For senior executives evaluating IoT and IIoT deployments, the choice of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology is a strategic decision with billion-rupee implications.

The two dominant contenders are LoRaWAN and NB-IoT. Both promise low power consumption, wide coverage, and cost efficiency. But their architectures, economics, and suitability for India`s unique operating conditions are vastly different. This blog cuts through the marketing noise to deliver data-driven insights for business leaders planning large-scale IoT rollouts in agriculture and smart metering.

We will analyze which technology wins on scalability, total cost of ownership, and real-world performance across Indian urban and rural landscapes.

The Market Opportunity: Why This Decision Matters Now

The numbers are compelling. The global Narrowband IoT Access Service Market, which includes both NB-IoT and LoRaWAN technologies, was valued at USD 1.3 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 5 billion by 2035, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 13.1 percent. Within this, the Narrow Band Internet of Things Access Service Market is expected to grow from USD 3.87 billion in 2025 to USD 18.7 billion by 2035, representing an even steeper CAGR of 17.1 percent.

Smart metering and smart agriculture are two of the largest application segments driving this growth. The Asia Pacific region, led by India and China, is poised to dominate this expansion, fueled by government smart city initiatives and increasing IoT deployments in manufacturing and agriculture. For Indian enterprises, this represents a first-mover advantage. The question is not whether to deploy, but which technology to back.

Technical Deep Dive: How They Work

Before comparing, we must understand what each technology offers at the engineering level.

NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things)

NB-IoT is a cellular standard defined by 3GPP and operates in licensed spectrum, the same frequencies used by 4G and 5G networks. It is deployed by telecom operators like Jio and Airtel alongside their existing LTE infrastructure. Key technical specifications include a downlink speed of approximately 250 kbps, an uplink of 20 to 250 kbps, and a maximum payload of 1600 bytes. NB-IoT offers exceptional indoor pe*******on with a 20 dB improvement over standard GSM, enabling devices in basements or deep within concrete buildings to transmit data reliably.

However, NB-IoT has limitations. It is designed for stationary devices and does not support mobility or handoffs between towers. Latency ranges from 1.6 to 10 seconds, making it unsuitable for real-time control applications.

LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network)

LoRaWAN is an open standard built on Semtech`s LoRa modulation technology. It operates in the unlicensed ISM band, specifically 865 to 867 MHz in India. A LoRaWAN deployment consists of end nodes, gateways, a network server, and an application server. Data rates va
contd..

Read the complete article:
https://cionlabs.com/lorawan-vs-nb-iot-for-indian-agriculture-smart-metering-which-wins-for-scale/

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