30/09/2026
Your Bluetooth speaker plays music using square waves 🔊
Audio amplifiers don't just take your music and "make it bigger." Here's what a Class D amplifier actually does:
1️⃣ A carrier wave at a few hundred kHz is compared against your audio
2️⃣ Audio above the carrier → 1. Below → 0. The result is a fast square wave that follows your music (this is PWM, pulse-width modulation)
3️⃣ That low-power signal switches two MOSFETs on and off → the same square wave, at much higher power
4️⃣ An LC (coil + capacitor) low-pass filter smooths it back into a sound wave
The MOSFETs are only ever fully on or fully off, so almost no energy is wasted as heat. That's why Class D is inside smartphones, TVs and Bluetooth speakers.
The board in this video is a fully discrete Class D amplifier. There's no chip doing the work and no black boxes. You build every stage yourself, because that's the only way you really understand it.
Want more info about it? Comment LEARN and I'll send you the link 👇