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Information technology (IT) is the application of computers to store, study,
retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. In 2012, Zuppo proposed an ICT hierarchy where each hierarchy level
"contain some degree of commonality in that they are related to technologies
that facilitate the transfer of information and various types of electronically mediated communications. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies
such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology,
including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, and e-commerce.