Deep Tech limited

30/06/2026

Step 1: Learn Computer Networking

Networking is the foundation of cybersecurity because computers communicate over networks.

Topics to Learn

1. What is a Network? A network is a group of computers and devices connected to share data and resources.

2. Types of Networks

LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small area, such as a home or office.

WAN (Wide Area Network): Connects networks over large distances, such as the internet.

WLAN (Wireless LAN): A wireless local area network using Wi-Fi.

3. Network Devices

Router

Switch

Hub

Modem

Firewall

Access Point

4. IP Addressing

IPv4 (e.g., 192.168.1.1)

Public vs. Private IP addresses

Subnet masks

Default gateway

5. Important Network Protocols

HTTP/HTTPS – Web browsing

DNS – Converts domain names to IP addresses

DHCP – Automatically assigns IP addresses

FTP/SFTP – File transfer

SSH – Secure remote access

SMTP, POP3, IMAP – Email

TCP and UDP – Transport protocols

6. The OSI Model (7 Layers)

1. Physical

2. Data Link

3. Network

4. Transport

5. Session

6. Presentation

7. Application

A common way to remember them is:

> Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away.

7. Basic Networking Commands

ping – Check if another device is reachable.

ipconfig (Windows) / ip a (Linux) – Show IP configuration.

tracert (Windows) / traceroute (Linux) – Show the path packets take.

nslookup – Look up DNS information.

netstat – Display active network connections.

Practical Exercises

Find your computer's IP address.

Ping your router and a public website.

Use nslookup to find the IP address of a website.

Learn to identify private IP address ranges:

10.0.0.0/8

172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0/16

Mastering these networking basics will make it much easier to understand cyber attacks, network security, firewalls, and pe*******on testing later.

30/06/2026

Step 4: Learn Security Concepts and Ethical Hacking

Ethical hacking means legally testing computer systems to find security weaknesses before criminals can exploit them. Always practice only on systems you own or have permission to test.

Core Security Concepts

CIA Triad

Confidentiality – Keep data private.

Integrity – Ensure data is accurate and unchanged.

Availability – Keep systems and data accessible.

Authentication – Verifying a user's identity.

Authorization – Determining what an authenticated user can access.

Encryption – Protecting data by converting it into unreadable form.

Hashing – Creating a one-way fingerprint of data, commonly used for password storage.

Common Ethical Hacking Phases

1. Reconnaissance – Gather information about the target.

2. Scanning – Identify open ports and running services.

3. Vulnerability Assessment – Find known weaknesses.

4. Exploitation – Demonstrate how a vulnerability could be used (with permission).

5. Post-Exploitation – Assess the impact and recommend fixes.

6. Reporting – Document findings and remediation steps.

Common Security Tools

Nmap – Network and port scanning.

Wireshark – Capture and analyze network traffic.

Metasploit Framework – Test vulnerabilities in authorized environments.

Burp Suite – Test web application security.

OWASP ZAP – Free web security testing tool.

Remember: Ethical hackers always obtain authorization before testing systems. Unauthorized access to computer systems is illegal

29/06/2026

Operating Systems (Windows and Linux) are the second step in learning cybersecurity because almost every cyber attack and defense involves an operating system.

Windows

Learn how to:

Create and manage user accounts.

Manage files and folders.

Use Command Prompt (CMD) and PowerShell.

Configure firewalls and user permissions.

View system logs using Event Viewer.

Manage services and processes.

Useful commands:

ipconfig – Display network configuration.

ping – Test network connectivity.

netstat – Show active network connections.

tasklist – List running processes.

taskkill – Stop a running process.

Linux

Linux is widely used for servers and cybersecurity tools.

Learn:

Linux file system structure (/home, /etc, /var, /bin).

File permissions (chmod, chown).

User and group management.

Package management.

Bash shell commands.

Essential Linux commands:

pwd – Show current directory.

ls – List files.

cd – Change directory.

mkdir – Create a directory.

cp – Copy files.

mv – Move or rename files.

rm – Delete files.

cat – Display file contents.

grep – Search text.

find – Find files.

ps – Show running processes.

top – Monitor system processes.

ifconfig or ip a – Display network interfaces.

ping – Test connectivity.

Practice

Install a Linux virtual machine (such as Ubuntu) or use a dual-boot setup.

Practice using the command line every day.

Learn how users, files, permissions, networking, and services work.

Mastering Windows and Linux will make it much easier to understand pe*******on testing, malware analysis, digital forensics, and system defense later in your cybersecurity journey.

29/06/2026

Cyber security (or cybersecurity) is the practice of protecting computers, networks, software, and data from unauthorized access, attacks, damage, or theft.
Main Areas of Cyber Security
Network Security – Protects computer networks from intrusions and attacks.
Application Security – Ensures software and applications are secure from vulnerabilities.
Information Security – Protects sensitive data from unauthorized access or modification.
Cloud Security – Secures data, applications, and services hosted in the cloud.
Endpoint Security – Protects devices such as laptops, desktops, and smartphones.
Identity and Access Management (IAM) – Controls who can access systems and resources.
Common Cyber Threats
Phishing attacks
Malware (viruses, worms, ransomware)
Password attacks
Data breaches
Denial-of-Service (DoS/DDoS) attacks
Insider threats
Basic Cyber Security Best Practices
Use strong, unique passwords.
Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA).
Keep software and operating systems updated.
Avoid clicking suspicious links or attachments.
Regularly back up important data.
Install and update antivirus software.

12/06/2026