Cyber security and ethical analysis

Cyber security and ethical analysis Cyber security essentials code � ethical security

18/09/2026

A user scans a QR code that sends them to a fake Microsoft 365 login page.

What type of attack is this?

A. Vishing

B. Quishing

C. Smishing

D. Pharming

17/09/2026

Spot the difference.

Who can?

15/09/2026

RAG isn’t the only way to give LLMs better context.

If you’ve been building AI applications, you’ve probably heard of RAG.

But there’s another approach gaining attention:

CAG — Context-Augmented Generation.

So what’s the difference?

RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)
→ User asks a question
→ Query is converted into a searchable representation
→ Relevant information is retrieved from a knowledge base
→ Retrieved context is added to the prompt
→ LLM generates the answer

RAG is especially useful when your knowledge is large, changing, or difficult to fit into the model context.

CAG (Context-Augmented Generation)
→ Prepare the relevant knowledge in advance
→ Keep it available as context
→ Inject that context when needed

Generate the response from the provided knowledge

CAG can be attractive when the knowledge base is smaller, relatively stable, and fits comfortably within the context window.

The key difference:
RAG → Retrieve what you need.
CAG → Preload what you need.

And this leads to an important architectural decision:

You don't automatically need RAG for every AI application.

If your knowledge is small and stable, loading the relevant context directly can be simpler.

If your knowledge is huge or constantly changing, retrieval becomes much more valuable.

The real skill isn't choosing RAG or CAG.

It's knowing when each architecture makes sense.

Save this comparison for your next AI project.

15/09/2026

An attacker exploits an unknown vulnerability before a patch is available.

What is this BEST described as?

A. Zero-day

B. Supply-chain attack

C. Privilege escalation

D. Downgrade attack

15/09/2026

A company installs bollards outside its building to prevent vehicles from reaching the entrance. What type of control is this?

A. Detective

B. Corrective

C. Preventive

D. Compensating

Defensive Linux Security ToolsFirewalls • nftables – Traffic filtering• firewalld – Firewall management• UFW – Simple fi...
14/09/2026

Defensive Linux Security Tools

Firewalls
• nftables – Traffic filtering
• firewalld – Firewall management
• UFW – Simple firewall
• CSF – Server protection

Security Auditing
• OpenSCAP – Compliance checks
• GVM – Vulnerability scanning
• Nmap – Network scanning
• Nikto – Web scanning

Rootkit Detection
• chkrootkit – Rootkit detection
• rkhunter – Threat detection
• Lynis – Security auditing
• Sophos – Malware protection

Access Control
• SELinux – Mandatory access control
• AppArmor – App restrictions
• Yama – Kernel protection
• Landlock – Resource isolation

14/09/2026

📂 FREE PE*******ON TESTING RESOURCES
┃
┣ 📂 Web Security
┃ ┣ 📂 PortSwigger Web Security Academy
┃ ┃ ┗ portswigger.net/web-security
┃ ┣ 📂 OWASP Web Security Testing Guide
┃ ┃ ┗ wstg.owasp.org
┃ ┣ 📂 OWASP Top 10
┃ ┃ ┗ owasp.org/www-project-to…
┃ ┗ 📂 Web Security Labs
┃ ┗ portswigger.net/web-security/a…
┃
┣ 📂 Practice Labs
┃ ┣ 📂 TryHackMe
┃ ┃ ┗ tryhackme.com
┃ ┣ 📂 Hack The Box
┃ ┃ ┗ hackthebox.com
┃ ┣ 📂 OverTheWire
┃ ┃ ┗ overthewire.org/wargames/
┃ ┣ 📂 PortSwigger Labs
┃ ┃ ┗ portswigger.net/web-security/a…
┃ ┗ 📂 OWASP Juice Shop
┃ ┗ owasp.org/www-project-ju…
┃
┣ 📂 Vulnerability Research
┃ ┣ 📂 CVE Research
┃ ┃ ┗ cve.org
┃ ┣ 📂 Exploit Reproduction
┃ ┃ ┗ github.com/rapid7/metaspl…
┃ ┣ 📂 Security Advisories
┃ ┃ ┗ github.com/security-advis…
┃ ┣ 📂 Vulnerability Writeups
┃ ┃ ┗ portswigger.net/research
┃ ┗ 📂 Root Cause Analysis
┃ ┗ googleprojectzero.blogspot.com
┃
┣ 📂 Pentesting Methodology
┃ ┣ 📂 Reconnaissance
┃ ┃ ┗ wstg.owasp.org
┃ ┣ 📂 Enumeration
┃ ┃ ┗ nmap.org/docs.html
┃ ┣ 📂 Vulnerability Assessment
┃ ┃ ┗ portswigger.net/web-security
┃ ┣ 📂 Exploitation
┃ ┃ ┗ metasploit.com
┃ ┣ 📂 Privilege Escalation
┃ ┃ ┗ tryhackme.com
┃ ┗ 📂 Reporting
┃ ┗ wstg.owasp.org
┃
┣ 📂 Tools
┃ ┣ 📂 Burp Suite
┃ ┃ ┗ portswigger.net/burp
┃ ┣ 📂 Nmap
┃ ┃ ┗ nmap.org
┃ ┣ 📂 Wireshark
┃ ┃ ┗ wireshark.org
┃ ┣ 📂 Metasploit
┃ ┃ ┗ metasploit.com
┃ ┣ 📂 Nuclei
┃ ┃ ┗ docs.projectdiscovery.io/opensource/nuc…
┃ ┗ 📂 Gobuster
┃ ┗ github.com/OJ/gobuster
┃
┣ 📂 OS / Network
┃ ┣ 📂 Linux
┃ ┃ ┗ linux.org
┃ ┣ 📂 Windows
┃ ┃ ┗ learn.microsoft.com/windows/
┃ ┣ 📂 Networking
┃ ┃ ┗ cloudflare.com/learning/netwo…
┃ ┣ 📂 Active Directory
┃ ┃ ┗ learn.microsoft.com/windows-server…
┃ ┗ 📂 Wireshark
┃ ┗ wireshark.org/docs/
┃
┣ 📂 Source Code Security
┃ ┣ 📂 CodeQL
┃ ┃ ┗ codeql.github.com/docs/
┃ ┣ 📂 Semgrep
┃ ┃ ┗ semgrep.dev
┃ ┣ 📂 OWASP Secure Coding
┃ ┃ ┗ github.com/OWASP/secure-c…
┃ ┗ 📂 Dependency Security
┃ ┗ owasp.org/www-project-de…
┃
┗ 📂 Learning
┣ 📂 CTFs
┃ ┗ ctftime.org
┣ 📂 Cheat Sheets
┃ ┗ cheatsheetseries.owasp.org
┣ 📂 Security Blogs
┃ ┗ portswigger.net/research
┣ 📂 GitHub Security Repositories
┃ ┗ github.com/topics/security
┗ 📂 Research Notes
┗ github.com

14/09/2026

📂 PE*******ON TESTING
┃
┣ 📂 Information Disclosure
┃ ┣ 📂 Sensitive Data Exposure
┃ ┣ 📂 Debug Information
┃ ┣ 📂 Backup Files
┃ ┗ 📂 Configuration Exposure
┃
┣ 📂 File Upload
┃ ┣ 📂 Extension Bypass
┃ ┣ 📂 MIME Validation
┃ ┣ 📂 Content-Type Manipulation
┃ ┣ 📂 File Processing
┃ ┗ 📂 Upload → RCE
┃
┣ 📂 Open Redirect
┃ ┣ 📂 URL Parameters
┃ ┣ 📂 Redirect Validation
┃ ┣ 📂 Allowlist Bypass
┃ ┗ 📂 Redirect Chains
┃
┣ 📂 File Inclusion
┃ ┣ 📂 LFI
┃ ┣ 📂 RFI
┃ ┣ 📂 Path Traversal
┃ ┣ 📂 Filter Bypass
┃ ┗ 📂 Inclusion Chains
┃
┣ 📂 XSS
┃ ┣ 📂 Reflected XSS
┃ ┣ 📂 Stored XSS
┃ ┣ 📂 DOM XSS
┃ ┣ 📂 Context Analysis
┃ ┗ 📂 Filter Bypass
┃
┣ 📂 SQL Injection
┃ ┣ 📂 Error-Based
┃ ┣ 📂 Boolean-Based
┃ ┣ 📂 Time-Based
┃ ┣ 📂 Union-Based
┃ ┗ 📂 Blind SQLi
┃
┣ 📂 Command Injection
┃ ┣ 📂 OS Command Injection
┃ ┣ 📂 Blind Command Injection
┃ ┣ 📂 Argument Injection
┃ ┗ 📂 Filter Bypass
┃
┣ 📂 CSRF
┃ ┣ 📂 Token Validation
┃ ┣ 📂 SameSite Cookies
┃ ┣ 📂 Origin Validation
┃ ┗ 📂 CSRF Chains
┃
┣ 📂 SSRF
┃ ┣ 📂 Basic SSRF
┃ ┣ 📂 Blind SSRF
┃ ┣ 📂 SSRF Bypass
┃ ┣ 📂 Redirect Chains
┃ ┗ 📂 SSRF Chains
┃
┣ 📂 CORS
┃ ┣ 📂 Origin Validation
┃ ┣ 📂 Credentials
┃ ┣ 📂 Wildcard Origins
┃ ┗ 📂 Misconfigurations
┃
┣ 📂 API Security
┃ ┣ 📂 Authentication
┃ ┣ 📂 Authorization
┃ ┣ 📂 BOLA / IDOR
┃ ┣ 📂 Mass Assignment
┃ ┗ 📂 Rate Limiting
┃
┣ 📂 GraphQL
┃ ┣ 📂 Introspection
┃ ┣ 📂 Authorization
┃ ┣ 📂 Query Complexity
┃ ┗ 📂 Information Disclosure
┃
┣ 📂 Web Cache
┃ ┣ 📂 Cache Poisoning
┃ ┣ 📂 Cache Deception
┃ ┣ 📂 Cache Key Analysis
┃ ┗ 📂 Cache Bypass
┃
┣ 📂 CVE Research
┃ ┣ 📂 Log4Shell
┃ ┣ 📂 Version Detection
┃ ┣ 📂 Vulnerability Research
┃ ┗ 📂 Patch Validation
┃
┣ 📂 Study Resources
┃ ┣ 📂 Cheat Sheets
┃ ┣ 📂 Payload References
┃ ┣ 📂 Writeups
┃ ┗ 📂 Research Notes
┃
┗ 📂 Scripts
┣ 📂 Recon
┣ 📂 Enumeration
┣ 📂 Fuzzing
┣ 📂 Automation
┗ 📂 Custom PoCs

GitHub:
github.com/AlbusSec/Penet…

RECON → DISCOVER → TEST → BYPASS → VALIDATE → CHAIN → REPORT

A useful collection for learning web security,
pe*******on testing, and bug bounty methodology.

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