Embedded Linux/System Technology

31/10/2018

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21/12/2015

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWR7I3McRd4&feature=youtu.be

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21/12/2015

Use Linux says arch rival Microsoft to its trainees

World’s largest technology company is coming to realise that world cant run only on Windows. Microsoft, which used consider Linux as unwanted competition is now realising that to grow it needs to learn Linux or that is what it wants its developers to learn.

For hating the operating system that was its biggest threat, Linux, to now calling its trainees to sign up for Linux is a complete u turn from the tech giant. On Wednesday, Microsoft announced a new training program to help teach the Windows faithful in the IT world how to use Linux, as long as they are using Linux on Microsoft’s Azure cloud services.

However asking its developers to learn Linux makes business sense. Cloud computing as we know is the future and Microsoft want to capture as much business in cloud computing as is possible. Microsoft doesn’t desperately care how much of its home-grown software its customers use, so long as the software is running on Microsoft’s cloud, Azure.

To put it another way: when customers use Microsoft’s cloud, Microsoft gets paid no matter what software they use. But if they go to a rival cloud company, like Amazon or Google, they are much more likely to ditch Microsoft’s Windows as well as Azure.

Therefore the training program so that its developers can offer the best to its Azure customers to try its cloud instead of a competitor’s cloud like Amazon’s or Google’s.

Professionals who can run both Linux and Windows systems, as well as understand hybrid environments and the development behind them will rise to the top of their field with better pay and career prospects.

http://news.microsoft.com/2015/12/09/microsoft-offers-new-certification-for-linux-on-azure/

23/09/2015

Is it opposite day? Microsoft has a new Linux distro

It's happened at last: Microsoft has its own version of Linux. But don't expect to download an .ISO just yet. It isn't publicly available -- it's an internal project developed to help run Microsoft networks such as Azure.

Microsoft's Azure Cloud Switch (ACS) is not a Linux distribution on the order of Red Hat's or Ubuntu's; rather it's closer to Cumulus Linux. ACS was built specifically for Microsoft's own needs, and therefore is not a definitive sign that Microsoft is becoming a Linux player.

23/09/2015

Bjarne Stroustrup announces C++ Core Guidelines

This morning in his opening keynote at CppCon, Bjarne Stroustrup announced the C++ Core Guidelines (github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines), the start of a new open source project on GitHub to build modern authoritative guidelines for writing C++ code. The guidelines are designed to be modern, machine-enforceable wherever possible, and open to contributions and forking so that organizations can easily incorporate them into their own corporate coding guidelines.

The initial primary authors and maintainers are Bjarne Stroustrup and Herb Sutter, and the guidelines so far were developed with contributions from experts at CERN, Microsoft, Morgan Stanley, and several other organizations. The guidelines are currently in a “0.6” state, and contributions are welcome. As Stroustrup said: “We need help!”

Stroustrup said: “You can write C++ programs that are statically type safe and have no resource leaks. You can do that without loss of performance and without limiting C++’s expressive power. This supports the general thesis that garbage collection is neither necessary nor sufficient for quality software. Our core C++ guidelines makes such code simpler to write than older styles of C++ and the safety can be validated by tools that should soon be available as open source.”

From Stroustrup’s talk abstract:

In this talk, I describe a style of guidelines that can be deployed to help most C++ programmers… The rules are prescriptive rather than merely sets of prohibitions, and about much more than code layout… The core guidelines and a guideline support library reference implementation will be open source projects freely available on all major platforms (initially, GCC, Clang, and Microsoft).

Although the repository was not officially announced until today, it was made public last week and was noticed: CppCoreGuidelines was the #1 trending repository worldwide on GitHub on Friday, and is currently the #1 trending repository worldwide for the past week, across all languages and projects.

Stroustrup also announced two other related projects.

Guideline Support Library (GSL): First, the C++ Core Guidelines also specifies a small Guideline Support Library (GSL), a set of common types like array_view and not_null to facilitate following the modern guidelines. An initial open source reference implementation contributed and supported by Microsoft is now available on GitHub at github.com/Microsoft/GSL. It is written in portable C++ that should work on any modern compiler and platform, and has been tested on Clang/LLVM 3.6 and GCC 5.1 for Linux, with Xcode and GCC 5.2.0 for OS X, and with Microsoft Visual C++ 2013 (Update 5) and 2015 for Windows. This is both a supported library and an initial reference implementation; other implementations by other vendors are encouraged, as are forks of and contributions to this implementation.

Checker tool: Second, the C++ Core Guidelines are designed to be machine-enforceable wherever possible, and include many rules that can be checked by a compiler, lint, or other tool. An initial implementation based on Microsoft’s Visual Studio will be demonstrated in several talks at CppCon this week, including Herb Sutter’s Day 2 plenary session tomorrow morning. This implementation will be made available as a Windows binary in October, with the intention to open source the implementation thereafter. This too will become a supported tool and an initial reference implementation open to others; other implementations by other vendors of compilers, linters, and other tools are encouraged.

17/08/2015

Cockroach Theory
A beautiful speech by Sundar Pichai - an IIT-MIT Alumnus :
The cockroach theory for self development
At a restaurant, a cockroach suddenly flew from somewhere and sat on a lady.
She started screaming out of fear.
With a panic stricken face and trembling voice, she started jumping, with both her hands desperately trying to get rid of the cockroach.
Her reaction was contagious, as everyone in her group also got panicky.
The lady finally managed to push the cockroach away but ...it landed on another lady in the group.
Now, it was the turn of the other lady in the group to continue the drama.
The waiter rushed forward to their rescue.
In the relay of throwing, the cockroach next fell upon the waiter.
The waiter stood firm, composed himself and observed the behavior of the cockroach on his shirt.
When he was confident enough, he grabbed it with his fingers and threw it out of the restaurant.
Sipping my coffee and watching the amusement, the antenna of my mind picked up a few thoughts and started wondering, was the cockroach responsible for their histrionic behavior?
If so, then why was the waiter not disturbed?
He handled it near to perfection, without any chaos.
It is not the cockroach, but the inability of those people to handle the disturbance caused by the cockroach, that disturbed the ladies.
I realized that, it is not the shouting of my father or my boss or my wife that disturbs me, but it's my inability to handle the disturbances caused by their shouting that disturbs me.
It's not the traffic jams on the road that disturbs me, but my inability to handle the disturbance caused by the traffic jam that disturbs me.
More than the problem, it's my reaction to the problem that creates chaos in my life.
Lessons learnt from the story:
I understood, I should not react in life.
I should always respond.
The women reacted, whereas the waiter responded.
Reactions are always instinctive whereas responses are always well thought of.
A beautiful way to understand............LIFE.
Person who is HAPPY is not because Everything is RIGHT in his Life..

05/07/2015

How to connect two Linux OS computer system, that you can operate or control other computer Linux OS?

20/05/2015

Embedded software is specialized programming in a chip or on firmware in an embedded device to controls its functions.

Hardware makers use embedded software to control the functions of various hardware devices and systems. Embedded software controls device functions in the same way that a computer’s operating system controls the function of software applications. Almost any device can contain embedded software – from those so simple you might not imagine they had computer control, like toasters and light bulbs, to complex tracking systems in missiles.

Embedded software is used to control the limited, set functions of hardware devices and doesn't generally need input; it is not typically worked with directly by users. Its functions are activated by external controls, either external actions of the device itself or remote input. The device may have communication links to other devices for functionality or in case the device needs to be adjusted, calibrated or diagnosed. It is also through these connections that someone might attempt embedded system hacking.

Embedded software varies in complexity as much the devices it is used to control. Although the term is often used interchangeably with firmware, embedded software is often the only computer code running on a piece of hardware, while firmware, in contrast, hands over control to an operating system that in turn launches and controls programs.

20/05/2015

Embedded firmware is the flash memory chip that stores specialized software running in a chip in an embedded device to control its functions.

Firmware in embedded systems fills the same purpose as a ROM but can be updated more easily for better adaptability to conditions or interconnecting with additional equipment.

Hardware makers use embedded firmware to control the functions of various hardware devices and systems much like a computer’s operating system controls the function of software applications. Embedded firmware exists in everything from appliances so simple you might not imagine they had computer control, like toasters, to complex tracking systems in missiles. The toaster would likely never need updating but the tracking system sometimes does. As the complexity of a device increases, it often makes sense to use firmware in case of design errors that an update might correct.

Embedded firmware is used to control the limited, set functions of hardware devices and systems of greater complexity but still gives more appliance-like usage instead of a series of terminal commands. Embedded firmware functions are activated by external controls or external actions of the hardware. Embedded firmware and ROM-based embedded software often have communication links to other devices for functionality or to address the need for the device to be adjusted, calibrated or diagnosed or to output log files. It is also through these connections that someone might attempt embedded device hacking.

Embedded software varies in complexity as much the devices it is used to control. Although embedded software and embedded firmware are sometimes used synonymously, they are not exactly the same thing. For example, embedded software may run on ROM chips. Also, embedded software is often the only computer code running on a piece of hardware while firmware can also refer to the chip that houses a computer’s EFI or BIOS, which hands over control to an OS that in turn launches and controls programs.

08/05/2015

5M Google Users Infected With Adware

Ad-injecting software made headlines in February with news of Superfish adware being pre-loaded on Lenovo PCs. But Superfish is not the only game in town.
Google teamed up with the University of California, Berkley and Santa Barbara for a new report that tracked incidents of this sometimes malicious software across the search giant's network.
Researchers followed computers visiting Google sites from June to October 2014. In those five months, "we found 5.5 percent of unique IPs—millions of users—accessing Google sites...included some form of injected ads," Google spam and abuse researcher Kurt Thomas wrote in a a blog post.
Specifically, they detected 5,339,913 different IP addresses infected with adware. About 3.9 percent were courtesy of Superfish, followed by Jollywallet at 2.4 percent (though this was before the Superfish/Lenovo deal was revealed).
These companies, according to Thomas, manage advertising relationships with a handful of ad networks and shopping programs. Superfish, for example, will choose which ads to show, and when a visitor clicks on one, or even buys the product, Superfish makes a profit—only a fraction of which it shares with affiliates.
"Ad injectors' businesses are built on a tangled web of different players in the online advertising economy," Thomas wrote. "This complexity has made it difficult for the industry to understand this issue and help fix it."
In the joint study, researchers plotted what they called a "click-chain," which was produced from an ad injected on Google. A query for Android, for example, triggered Superfish to fetch a list of embeddable advertisements, like a Best Buy offer. The research team clicked the ad, which started a redirect chain through multiple intermediaries, before arriving at the advertised Best Buy page.
It's worth noting, the study said, that ad injectors "cheekily view this as yet another opportunity for profit"—Superfish overloads BestBuy.com with rogue advertisements, despite having been paid by the superstore to deliver traffic.
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The first sample of Superfish activity dates back to September 2012, though Google counted a substantial drop in injections last fall, when the Chrome Web Store removed deceptive extensions.
"We hope our findings raise broad awareness for this problem," Thomas said of adware, "and enable the online advertising industry to work together and tackle it."

08/05/2015

AT&T Tweaks Throttling for Unlimited Data Users

If you're on AT&T, and you've been clinging to your grandfathered unlimited data plan, you've probably been irked by the fact that the plan actually throttles you after you eat up a certain amount of data.
Throttled unlimited plan customers could see their connections drop to as low as half a megabit per second, if not worse. But AT&T has now quietly changed its throttling policy for unlimited users to only throttle when necessary.
"Customers on an unlimited legacy data plan may experience reduced speeds only when using data services at times when in an area where the network is experiencing congestion," an AT&T spokesman told PCMag. "Like other wireless companies, we manage our network resources to provide the best service possible for all of our customers."
Those on 3G unlimited plans get 3GB of data per month before any possible throttling; 4G LTE users get 5GB.
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So, if you hit the 3GB or 5GB cap in a month, you won't automatically get throttled, but will instead see slowdowns during heavy traffic times. AT&T didn't specify what exactly qualifies as congestion or when that typically occurs.
In October the FTC sued AT&T for misleading customers by charging them for "unlimited" data plans while reducing their data speeds, in some cases by nearly 90 percent. The complaint, filed in the U.S. District Court in San Francisco, alleges that AT&T failed to adequately warn customers that unlimited data doesn't necessarily mean unlimited high speed data.
Amidst pushback from the FCC, meanwhile, Verizon last year canceled plans to throttle heavy data users on 4G LTE.