19/04/2022
用自己嘅血打入自己皮膚 變靚啲 ？
血的知識
血液（英語：blood）是在動物的循環系統、心臟和血管腔內循環流動的一種組織，可以將氧氣送到各器官，並將細胞的代謝廢棄物帶離細胞。血液組織是結締組織的一種，由血漿和血球組成。血漿內含血漿蛋白（白蛋白、球蛋白、纖維蛋白原）、脂蛋白等各種營養成分以及無機鹽、氧、激素、酶、抗體和細胞代謝產物等。血球有红血球、白血球和血小板。哺乳類的血液具有凝血機制，血管破裂時，血小板會結集，堵塞血管破口，此時血漿中原本可水溶的血纖維蛋白等凝固成為血塊，剩餘的透明液體就叫做血清。
以人類的血液為例，成人的血液約占體重的十三分之一，比重為1.050～1.060，pH值為7.35～7.45，滲透壓為313毫摩每升。ABO血型是人類的主要血型之分類，可分為A型、B型、AB型及O型，另外還有Rh血型系統，MNS血型系統，P血型系統等血型系統。
另外，人類還有淋巴循環系統，跟血液和組織液有關係。昆蟲等的循環系統液體稱為血淋巴，作用不是免疫而是類似血液運輸營養和廢物。
以人為例，成人大約有5公升血液。以體積計，血細胞約佔血液的45%。每公升血液有：
5 × 1012個紅血球（約佔血液體積的45%）：在哺乳類，成熟的紅血球沒有細胞核及細胞器。在紅血球上的糖蛋白決定了血型是哪一類。人體所有紅血球的表面積總和大約是人體外皮膚面積的2000倍。[1]
3 × 1011個血小板（約佔血液體積少於1%）：凝血。纖維蛋白結成網狀聚集紅血球形成血栓，血栓阻止更多血液流失，並幫助阻止細菌進入體內。
9 × 109個白血球（約佔血液體積的1.0%）：它們是免疫系統的一部份，負責破壞及移除年老或異常的細胞及細胞殘骸，及攻擊病原體及外來物體。
一般醫學病況
血液容積病況
傷口流血
生物體脫水
血液循環病況
動脈粥樣硬化
血栓形成
血液學病況
貧血
地中海貧血
鐮刀型紅血球疾病
細胞增殖性疾病
白血病
骨髓增生異常綜合征
凝血障礙
血友病
感染性疾病
敗血症
紫質症
正鐵血紅蛋白血症
一氧化碳中毒
除了氧氣外，其他物質也會和血紅蛋白結合，有時會造成身體不可逆的傷害。例如一氧化碳，若呼吸中吸入一氧化碳，進到血液中，一氧化碳會和血紅蛋白結合成為碳氧血紅蛋白，可以運送氧氣的血紅蛋白減少，血液可以運送的氧氣量也會下降，這會不知不覺造成窒息，而在通風不良的密閉室內燃燒物體，也會產生一氧化碳。
Use your own blood to pe*****te your skin and make it look better?
knowledge of blood
Blood is a tissue that circulates in an animal's circulatory system, heart, and vascular lumen, delivering oxygen to organs and carrying metabolic waste from cells. Blood tissue is a type of connective tissue, composed of plasma and blood cells. Plasma contains plasma proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen), lipoproteins and other nutrients, as well as inorganic salts, oxygen, hormones, enzymes, antibodies and cell metabolites. Blood cells are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Mammalian blood has a coagulation mechanism. When the blood vessel ruptures, platelets will aggregate and block the blood vessel rupture. At this time, the water-soluble fibrin in the plasma coagulates into a blood clot, and the remaining transparent liquid is called serum.
Taking human blood as an example, adult blood accounts for about one-third of body weight, with a specific gravity of 1.050 to 1.060, a pH of 7.35 to 7.45, and an osmotic pressure of 313 millimoles per liter. ABO blood type is the classification of the main blood types of human beings, which can be divided into A, B, AB and O. In addition, there are Rh blood group system, MNS blood group system, P blood group system and other blood group systems.
In addition, humans also have the lymphatic circulatory system, which is related to blood and tissue fluids. The circulatory fluid in insects, etc., called hemolymph, is not immune but acts like blood to transport nutrients and waste.
Taking a human as an example, an adult has about 5 liters of blood. Blood cells make up about 45% of blood by volume. Each liter of blood contains:
5 × 1012 red blood cells (about 45% of blood volume): In mammals, mature red blood cells have no nucleus and organelles. Glycoproteins on red blood cells determine the blood type. The combined surface area of all red blood cells in the human body is approximately 2,000 times the surface area outside the human body. [1]
3 × 1011 platelets (approximately less than 1% of blood volume): clotting. Fibrin forms a network of red blood cells that form a thrombus, which stops more blood from being lost and helps keep bacteria out of the body.
9 × 109 white blood cells (about 1.0% of blood volume): These are part of the immune system responsible for destroying and removing old or abnormal cells and cellular debris, and attacking pathogens and foreign objects.
general medical conditions
blood volume condition
bleeding wound
dehydration of organisms
circulatory conditions
atherosclerosis
thrombosis
haematological conditions
anemia
Thalassemia
sickle cell disease
cell proliferative disease
leukemia
myelodysplastic syndrome
coagulation disorder
hemophilia
Infectious disease
septicemia
purpura
Methemoglobinemia
poisoned by carbon monoxide
In addition to oxygen, other substances bind to hemoglobin, sometimes causing irreversible damage to the body. For example, carbon monoxide, if carbon monoxide is inhaled in the breath and enters the blood, the carbon monoxide will combine with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, the hemoglobin that can transport oxygen will decrease, and the amount of oxygen that the blood can transport will also decrease, which will cause suffocation unknowingly. Burning objects in a closed room with poor ventilation can also produce carbon monoxide.
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