27/08/2025
Cyber Security Learning Roadmap
⬛ Understand Basics
• TCP/IP → The backbone of the internet. Devices communicate using this protocol.
• DNS (Domain Name System) → Converts domain names into IP addresses.
• HTTP/HTTPS → Communication protocol for websites. HTTPS is more secure because it uses encryption.
⬛ Operating Systems
• Linux → Most important in cyber security. Used in servers, labs, and professional environments.
• Windows → Widely used in offices and enterprises. Must-know for real-world security practice.
• Mac → Common for developers. Good for extra knowledge.
⬛ Networking
• IP Address → Unique identity of every device (like a phone number).
• MAC Address → Unique hardware ID of the network card.
• DNS & DHCP → DNS resolves names to IPs, DHCP assigns IPs automatically.
• Ports & Protocols → Define which services run on which ports (e.g., Web → 80/443).
• OSI Model → 7 communication layers (from Physical to Application).
⬛ Programming
• Python → Best for automation, scripting, and building security tools.
• Bash → Automating Linux commands and scripts.
• JavaScript, PHP, SQL → Essential for learning web security.
• Extra: C/C++ help in deeper system-level understanding.
⬛ Security Tools (For Educational Purpose)
• Nmap → Network scanning and mapping.
• Burp Suite → Web application testing.
• Metasploit → Security framework for controlled testing.
• John the Ripper → Password strength testing.
• Wireshark → Network traffic analysis.
⬛ Set Up Lab
• VirtualBox / VMware → Create safe virtual machines.
• Kali Linux / Parrot OS → Pre-loaded with security tools.
• Practice in a lab environment without risk to real systems.
⬛ Start Practicing (Legal Platforms)
• TryHackMe → Beginner-friendly guided learning.
• Hack The Box → Realistic advanced challenges.
• OverTheWire → Linux and command-line security practice.
✓Finally:
➨This roadmap is only for ethical and educational purposes.
➨The goal is to understand how systems and networks work, and how to secure them better.
